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BACK TO INDEX Publications of year 2009 Books and proceedings
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| Abstract: | Multidimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is a technique based on coherent SAR data combination for space (full 3-D) and space deformation-velocity (4-D) analysis. It is an extension of the concepts of SAR interferometry and differential interferometry SAR and offers new options for the analysis and monitoring of ground scenes. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting single scatterers for localization and monitoring issues. To this end, we resort to a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection scheme which can be synthesized according to three different design criteria: generalized likelihood ratio test, Rao test, and Wald test. At the analysis stage, the performance of the aforementioned detector is compared to that of a previously proposed CFAR scheme, based on the multi-interferogram complex coherence and widely used in persistent scatterer interferometry. The analysis is conducted both on simulated and on real SAR data, acquired by ERS-1/2 satellites. Finally, Cramer-Rao lower bounds for the estimation of the scatterer elevation and velocity are provided. |
@ARTICLE{deMaioFornaroPauciullo2009:SARTomo,
author = {De Maio, Antonio and Fornaro, Gianfranco and Pauciullo, Antonio},
title = {Detection of Single Scatterers in Multidimensional SAR Imaging},
journal = {Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {2284-2297},
number = {7},
month = {July },
abstract = {Multidimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is a technique based on coherent SAR data combination for space (full 3-D) and space deformation-velocity (4-D) analysis. It is an extension of the concepts of SAR interferometry and differential interferometry SAR and offers new options for the analysis and monitoring of ground scenes. In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting single scatterers for localization and monitoring issues. To this end, we resort to a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection scheme which can be synthesized according to three different design criteria: generalized likelihood ratio test, Rao test, and Wald test. At the analysis stage, the performance of the aforementioned detector is compared to that of a previously proposed CFAR scheme, based on the multi-interferogram complex coherence and widely used in persistent scatterer interferometry. The analysis is conducted both on simulated and on real SAR data, acquired by ERS-1/2 satellites. Finally, Cramer-Rao lower bounds for the estimation of the scatterer elevation and velocity are provided.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2011632},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, radar imaging, radar interferometry, synthetic aperture radar,CFAR detection scheme, Rao test, SAR imaging, SAR interferometry, Wald test, constant false alarm rate, differential interferometry, generalized likelihood ratio test, multi-interferogram complex coherence, multidimensional synthetic aperture radar, scatterer interferometry, single scatterers detection, space deformation-velocity analysis},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/deMaioFornaroPauciullo2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4814567&isnumber=5075850}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, glaciology, hydrological techniques, image processing, maximum likelihood estimation, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, Asia, ENVISAT-ASAR data acquisition, Inyltshik glacier, Kyrgyzstan, Maximum Likelihood Texture Tracking, alpine glacier systems, classical intensity tracking technique, glacier velocities measurement, glacier velocity monitoring, ice flows, intensity-based matching algorithm, melting, multiplicative speckle/noise model, remotely sensed data, signal-to-noise ratio, snowfall, spatial dynamics, speckle decorrelation, statistical description, synthetic aperture radar data, temporal dynamics, temporal speckle structure, tracking algorithm.
| Abstract: | The performance of a tracking algorithm considering remotely sensed data strongly depends on a correct statistical description of the data, i.e., its noise model. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new intensity tracking algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, considering its multiplicative speckle/noise model. The proposed tracking algorithm is discussed regarding the measurement of glacier velocities. Glacier monitoring exhibits complex spatial and temporal dynamics including snowfall, melting, and ice flows at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Due to these complex characteristics, most traditional methods based on SAR suffer from speckle decorrelation that results in a low signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed tracking technique improves the accuracy of the classical intensity tracking technique by making use of the temporal speckle structure. Even though a new intensity-based matching algorithm is proposed, particularly for incoherent data sets, the analysis of the proposed technique was also performed for correlated data sets. As it is demonstrated, the velocity monitoring can be continuously performed by using the maximum likelihood (ML) texture tracking without any assumption concerning the correlation of the data set. The ML texture tracking approach was tested on ENVISAT-ASAR data acquired during summer 2004 over the Inyltshik glacier in Kyrgyzstan, representing one of the largest alpine glacier systems of the world. It will be demonstrated that the proposed technique is capable of robustly and precisely detecting the surface velocity field and velocity changes in time. |
@ARTICLE{ertenReigberHellwichPrats2009:GlacierVelTextureTrack,
author = {Erten, Esra and Reigber, Andreas and Hellwich, Olaf and Prats, Pau},
title = {Glacier Velocity Monitoring by Maximum Likelihood Texture Tracking},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {394-405},
number = {2},
month = {Feb. },
abstract = {The performance of a tracking algorithm considering remotely sensed data strongly depends on a correct statistical description of the data, i.e., its noise model. The objective of this paper is to introduce a new intensity tracking algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, considering its multiplicative speckle/noise model. The proposed tracking algorithm is discussed regarding the measurement of glacier velocities. Glacier monitoring exhibits complex spatial and temporal dynamics including snowfall, melting, and ice flows at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Due to these complex characteristics, most traditional methods based on SAR suffer from speckle decorrelation that results in a low signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed tracking technique improves the accuracy of the classical intensity tracking technique by making use of the temporal speckle structure. Even though a new intensity-based matching algorithm is proposed, particularly for incoherent data sets, the analysis of the proposed technique was also performed for correlated data sets. As it is demonstrated, the velocity monitoring can be continuously performed by using the maximum likelihood (ML) texture tracking without any assumption concerning the correlation of the data set. The ML texture tracking approach was tested on ENVISAT-ASAR data acquired during summer 2004 over the Inyltshik glacier in Kyrgyzstan, representing one of the largest alpine glacier systems of the world. It will be demonstrated that the proposed technique is capable of robustly and precisely detecting the surface velocity field and velocity changes in time.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2009932},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, glaciology, hydrological techniques, image processing, maximum likelihood estimation, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, Asia, ENVISAT-ASAR data acquisition, Inyltshik glacier, Kyrgyzstan, Maximum Likelihood Texture Tracking, alpine glacier systems, classical intensity tracking technique, glacier velocities measurement, glacier velocity monitoring, ice flows, intensity-based matching algorithm, melting, multiplicative speckle/noise model, remotely sensed data, signal-to-noise ratio, snowfall, spatial dynamics, speckle decorrelation, statistical description, synthetic aperture radar data, temporal dynamics, temporal speckle structure, tracking algorithm},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/ertenReigberHellwichPrats2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4768700&isnumber=4773457}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, data acquisition, remote sensing by radar, singular value decomposition, synthetic aperture radar, LMMSE, synthetic aperture radar imaging systems, antenna SAR sensor, atmospheric phase miscalibration, atmospheric residual miscalibration, beamforming, data correlation properties, data integration, linear minimum mean square error method, multistatic data acquisition, satellite technology, singular values decomposition inversion, stochastic process.
| Abstract: | Three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, a technique also known as SAR tomography, uses multiple views to extend the capability of SAR systems to 3-D imaging by achieving a profiling of the scattering power at different heights. Multiple views are obtained with the current satellite technology via successive passes of a single antenna SAR sensor over the same scene, but next-generation sensor formations are foreseen to acquire multistatic data. Conventional processing, such as the beamforming, or singular values decomposition inversion is based on geometrical derivations and, hence, assumes the accurate phase calibration and the absence of target decorrelation. This paper analyzes the effects of phase miscalibration due to residual uncompensated atmospheric contribution and temporal decorrelation and proposes a 3-D imaging technique based on a linear minimum mean square error approach. The resulting algorithm extends the possibilities of the conventional processing by carrying out an integration of data that accounts for the a priori data correlation properties. Hence, it allows handling of the presence of additional stochastic contributions such as: temporal coherence losses and atmospheric phase miscalibration. Moreover, with reference to future bistatic and multistatic systems, it permits an improved coherent integration of data acquired by simultaneous antenna in repeated passes. |
@ARTICLE{fornaroPauciullo2009:SARTOMO,
author = {Fornaro, Gianfranco and Pauciullo, Antonio},
title = {LMMSE 3-D SAR Focusing},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {214-223},
number = {1},
month = jan,
abstract = {Three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging, a technique also known as SAR tomography, uses multiple views to extend the capability of SAR systems to 3-D imaging by achieving a profiling of the scattering power at different heights. Multiple views are obtained with the current satellite technology via successive passes of a single antenna SAR sensor over the same scene, but next-generation sensor formations are foreseen to acquire multistatic data. Conventional processing, such as the beamforming, or singular values decomposition inversion is based on geometrical derivations and, hence, assumes the accurate phase calibration and the absence of target decorrelation. This paper analyzes the effects of phase miscalibration due to residual uncompensated atmospheric contribution and temporal decorrelation and proposes a 3-D imaging technique based on a linear minimum mean square error approach. The resulting algorithm extends the possibilities of the conventional processing by carrying out an integration of data that accounts for the a priori data correlation properties. Hence, it allows handling of the presence of additional stochastic contributions such as: temporal coherence losses and atmospheric phase miscalibration. Moreover, with reference to future bistatic and multistatic systems, it permits an improved coherent integration of data acquired by simultaneous antenna in repeated passes.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000633},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, data acquisition, remote sensing by radar, singular value decomposition, synthetic aperture radar, LMMSE, synthetic aperture radar imaging systems, antenna SAR sensor, atmospheric phase miscalibration, atmospheric residual miscalibration, beamforming, data correlation properties, data integration, linear minimum mean square error method, multistatic data acquisition, satellite technology, singular values decomposition inversion, stochastic process},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/fornaroPauciullo2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4689338&isnumber=4729687?tag=1}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, height measurement, radar signal processing, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar4D SAR imaging application, 4D space-velocity imaging, SAR signal postprocessing, differential SAR tomography, double scatterer monitoring, ground scatterers, height estimation, interfering target separation, mean deformation velocity, multipass SAR interferometry, nonlinear temporal deformations, single scatterer monitoring, slow deformation velocity, synthetic aperture radar, target contribution superposition.
| Abstract: | The superposition of contributions from different stable targets within the same pixel is a phenomenon that may impair the imaging and monitoring of ground scatterers via the multipass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry technique. Three-dimensional SAR imaging, also known as SAR tomography, uses multiple views to profile the scattering power at different heights. This technique has been shown to be capable of separating interfering target responses on real data. Differential SAR tomography has been recently proposed as a technique that extends the potentialities of SAR tomography to the target deformation monitoring. It performs a 4-D space-velocity imaging that enables not only separating interfering targets in elevation but also distinguishing their single slow deformation velocities. This work addresses for the first time the application of 4-D SAR imaging to real data to determine the height and mean deformation velocity of single scatterers and double-scattering mechanisms interfering at high resolution in the same pixel. It also discusses the postprocessing steps required to identify the presence of stable single and double scatterers after elevation-velocity focusing. Moreover, it proposes a technique for the extraction of time series from interfering targets to measure possible nonlinear temporal deformations. |
@ARTICLE{fornaroRealeSerafino2009:SARTomo,
author = {Fornaro, G. and Reale, D. and Serafino, F.},
title = {Four-Dimensional SAR Imaging for Height Estimation and Monitoring of Single and Double Scatterers},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {224-237},
number = {1},
month = {Jan. },
abstract = {The superposition of contributions from different stable targets within the same pixel is a phenomenon that may impair the imaging and monitoring of ground scatterers via the multipass synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry technique. Three-dimensional SAR imaging, also known as SAR tomography, uses multiple views to profile the scattering power at different heights. This technique has been shown to be capable of separating interfering target responses on real data. Differential SAR tomography has been recently proposed as a technique that extends the potentialities of SAR tomography to the target deformation monitoring. It performs a 4-D space-velocity imaging that enables not only separating interfering targets in elevation but also distinguishing their single slow deformation velocities. This work addresses for the first time the application of 4-D SAR imaging to real data to determine the height and mean deformation velocity of single scatterers and double-scattering mechanisms interfering at high resolution in the same pixel. It also discusses the postprocessing steps required to identify the presence of stable single and double scatterers after elevation-velocity focusing. Moreover, it proposes a technique for the extraction of time series from interfering targets to measure possible nonlinear temporal deformations.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2000837},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, height measurement, radar signal processing, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar4D SAR imaging application, 4D space-velocity imaging, SAR signal postprocessing, differential SAR tomography, double scatterer monitoring, ground scatterers, height estimation, interfering target separation, mean deformation velocity, multipass SAR interferometry, nonlinear temporal deformations, single scatterer monitoring, slow deformation velocity, synthetic aperture radar, target contribution superposition},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/fornaroRealeSerafino2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4685869&isnumber=4729687}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Time-Domain Back-Projection, Back-Projection, Non-Linear Flight Tracks, Curvilinear SAR, Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS, Mosaicking, Geocoding, Integrated Focusing and Geocoding, Georeferencing, mapping, corridor mapping, E-SAR, L-Band, digital elevation model, Airborne SAR.
| Abstract: | Standard focusing of data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) assumes a straight recording track of the sensor platform. Small non-linearities of airborne platform tracks are corrected for during a motion compensation step while maintaining the assumption of a linear flight path. This paper describes the processing of SAR data acquired from non-linear tracks, typical of sensors mounted on small aircraft or drones flying at low altitude. Such aircraft do not fly along straight tracks, but the trajectory depends on topography, influences of weather and wind, or the shape of areas of interest such as rivers or traffic routes. Two potential approaches for processing SAR data from such highly non-linear flight tracks are proposed: a patchwise frequency-domain processing and mosaicking technique, as well as a time-domain back-projection based technique. Both are evaluated with the help of experimental data featuring tracks with altitude changes, a double bend, a 90-degree curve and a linear flight track. In order to assess the quality of the focused data, close-ups of amplitude images are compared, impulse response functions of a point target are analyzed, and the coherence is evaluated. The experimental data was acquired by the German Aerospace Center's E-SAR L-band system. |
@ARTICLE{freyMagnardRueeggMeier08TGRS:Tracks,
author = {Othmar Frey and Christophe Magnard and Maurice R{\"u}egg and Erich Meier},
title = {{Focusing of Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Data from Highly Nonlinear Flight Tracks}},
journal = {{IEEE} Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {1844-1858},
number = {6},
month = {June },
abstract = {Standard focusing of data from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) assumes a straight recording track of the sensor platform. Small non-linearities of airborne platform tracks are corrected for during a motion compensation step while maintaining the assumption of a linear flight path. This paper describes the processing of SAR data acquired from non-linear tracks, typical of sensors mounted on small aircraft or drones flying at low altitude. Such aircraft do not fly along straight tracks, but the trajectory depends on topography, influences of weather and wind, or the shape of areas of interest such as rivers or traffic routes. Two potential approaches for processing SAR data from such highly non-linear flight tracks are proposed: a patchwise frequency-domain processing and mosaicking technique, as well as a time-domain back-projection based technique. Both are evaluated with the help of experimental data featuring tracks with altitude changes, a double bend, a 90-degree curve and a linear flight track. In order to assess the quality of the focused data, close-ups of amplitude images are compared, impulse response functions of a point target are analyzed, and the coherence is evaluated. The experimental data was acquired by the German Aerospace Center's E-SAR L-band system.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Time-Domain Back-Projection, Back-Projection, Non-Linear Flight Tracks, Curvilinear SAR, Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS, Mosaicking, Geocoding, Integrated Focusing and Geocoding, Georeferencing, mapping, corridor mapping, E-SAR, L-Band, digital elevation model, Airborne SAR},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/myPublications/PAPERS/freyMagnardRueeggMeier08TGRSTracks.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4812049&isnumber=4939375}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Biomass, Biophysical Parameters, Forst, L-Band, P-Band, PolSAR, SAR Polarimetry, Airborne SAR, RAMSES, ONERA.
| Abstract: | L- and P-band airborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by the RAMSES system over different height maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster Ait.) stands of the Nezer forest (Landes, France) have been evaluated for forest biophysical parameter estimation. A pseudolinear correlation has been brought to evidence at P-band between polarimetric anisotropy and mean tree height, which is also linked to other biophysical parameters in the Nezer forest, meaning that SAR polarimetry constitutes a promising tool for forest parameter retrieval at low frequency. The spatial conditions have been evaluated through the quantification of the impact of signal-to-noise ratio diminution and resolution degradation on the forest height inversion. It has been shown that the inversion accuracy remains acceptable for $NEsigma_{0}$, representing the noise level of the SAR image, which is lower than $-$15 dB, and for spatial resolution increasing up to 15 m. |
@ARTICLE{garestierDuboisGuyonLeToan2009:BioPhysPolSARLandPBand,
author = {Garestier, Franck and Dubois-Fernandez, Pascale C. and Guyon, Dominique and Le Toan, Thuy},
title = {Forest Biophysical Parameter Estimation Using L- and P-Band Polarimetric SAR Data},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {3379-3388},
number = {10},
month = oct,
abstract = { L- and P-band airborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired by the RAMSES system over different height maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster Ait.) stands of the Nezer forest (Landes, France) have been evaluated for forest biophysical parameter estimation. A pseudolinear correlation has been brought to evidence at P-band between polarimetric anisotropy and mean tree height, which is also linked to other biophysical parameters in the Nezer forest, meaning that SAR polarimetry constitutes a promising tool for forest parameter retrieval at low frequency. The spatial conditions have been evaluated through the quantification of the impact of signal-to-noise ratio diminution and resolution degradation on the forest height inversion. It has been shown that the inversion accuracy remains acceptable for $NEsigma_{0}$, representing the noise level of the SAR image, which is lower than $-$15 dB, and for spatial resolution increasing up to 15 m. },
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2009.2022947},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Biomass, Biophysical Parameters, Forst, L-Band, P-Band, PolSAR, SAR Polarimetry, Airborne SAR, RAMSES, ONERA},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/garestierDuboisGuyonLeToan2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5164921&isnumber=5257398}
}
Keywords: Carbon Balance, Carbon stock, DESDynl mission, Biomass mission, biomass, ecosystem function, ecosystem structure, integrated L-band InSAR, Lidar, vegetation structure, optical, synthetic aperture radar, vegetation mapping.
| Abstract: | Mapping and monitoring carbon stocks in forested regions of the world, particularly the tropics, has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years as deforestation and forest degradation account for up to 30 percent of anthropogenic carbon emissions, and are now included in climate change negotiations. We review the potential for satellites to measure carbon stocks, specifically aboveground biomass (AGB), and provide an overview of a range of approaches that have been developed and used to map AGB across a diverse set of conditions and geographic areas. We provide a summary of types of remote sensing measurements relevant to mapping AGB, and assess the relative merits and limitations of each. We then provide an overview of traditional techniques of mapping AGB based on ascribing field measurements to vegetation or land cover type classes, and describe the merits and limitations of those relative to recent data mining algorithms used in the context of an approach based on direct utilization of remote sensing measurements, whether optical or lidar reflectance, or radar backscatter. We conclude that while satellite remote sensing has often been discounted as inadequate for the task, attempts to map AGB without satellite imagery are insufficient. Moreover, the direct remote sensing approach provided more coherent maps of AGB relative to traditional approaches. We demonstrate this with a case study focused on continental Africa and discuss the work in the context of reducing uncertainty for carbon monitoring and markets. |
@article{GoetzBacciniLaporteJohnsTracyWalkerKellndorferHoughtonSun2009,
Author = {Goetz, Scott and Baccini, Alessandro and Laporte, Nadine and Johns, Tracy and Walker, Wayne and Kellndorfer, Josef and Houghton, Richard and Sun, Mindy},
Doi = {10.1186/1750-0680-4-2},
Issn = {1750-0680},
Journal = {Carbon Balance and Management},
Number = {1},
Pages = {2},
Pubmedid = {19320965},
Title = {Mapping and monitoring carbon stocks with satellite observations: a comparison of methods},
Url = {http://www.cbmjournal.com/content/4/1/2},
Volume = {4},
Year = {2009},
keywords={Carbon Balance, Carbon stock, DESDynl mission; Biomass mission, biomass,ecosystem function;ecosystem structure, integrated L-band InSAR;Lidar;vegetation structure;optical, synthetic aperture radar, vegetation mapping},
Abstract = {Mapping and monitoring carbon stocks in forested regions of the world, particularly the tropics, has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years as deforestation and forest degradation account for up to 30 percent of anthropogenic carbon emissions, and are now included in climate change negotiations. We review the potential for satellites to measure carbon stocks, specifically aboveground biomass (AGB), and provide an overview of a range of approaches that have been developed and used to map AGB across a diverse set of conditions and geographic areas. We provide a summary of types of remote sensing measurements relevant to mapping AGB, and assess the relative merits and limitations of each. We then provide an overview of traditional techniques of mapping AGB based on ascribing field measurements to vegetation or land cover type classes, and describe the merits and limitations of those relative to recent data mining algorithms used in the context of an approach based on direct utilization of remote sensing measurements, whether optical or lidar reflectance, or radar backscatter. We conclude that while satellite remote sensing has often been discounted as inadequate for the task, attempts to map AGB without satellite imagery are insufficient. Moreover, the direct remote sensing approach provided more coherent maps of AGB relative to traditional approaches. We demonstrate this with a case study focused on continental Africa and discuss the work in the context of reducing uncertainty for carbon monitoring and markets.},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, agriculture, crops, moisture, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, soil, synthetic aperture radarAgriSAR campaign, L-band, PolSAR images, PolSAR, agricultural vegetation, canonical scattering components, crop types, dihedral components, polarimetric SAR acquisitions, scattering processes, soil moisture estimation, synthetic aperture radar, vegetation cover, ESAR, Airborne SAR.
| Abstract: | In this paper, the potential of using polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) acquisitions for the estimation of volumetric soil moisture under agricultural vegetation is investigated. Soil-moisture estimation by means of SAR is a topic that is intensively investigated but yet not solved satisfactorily. The key problem is the presence of vegetation cover which biases soil-moisture estimates. In this paper, we discuss the problem of soil-moisture estimation in the presence of agricultural vegetation by means of L-band PolSAR images. SAR polarimetry allows the decomposition of the scattering signature into canonical scattering components and their quantification. We discuss simple canonical models for surface, dihedral, and vegetation scattering and use them to model and interpret scattering processes. The performance and modifications of the individual scattering components are discussed. The obtained surface and dihedral components are then used to retrieve surface soil moisture. The investigations cover, for the first time, the whole vegetation-growing period for three crop types using SAR data and ground measurements acquired in the frame of the AgriSAR campaign. |
@ARTICLE{hajnsekJagdhuberSchoenPapathanassiou2009:SoilMoisture,
author = {Hajnsek, Irena and Jagdhuber, Thomas and Sch{\"o}n, Helmut and Papathanassiou, Konstantinos P.},
title = {Potential of Estimating Soil Moisture Under Vegetation Cover by Means of PolSAR},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {442-454},
number = {2},
month = {Feb. },
abstract = {In this paper, the potential of using polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) acquisitions for the estimation of volumetric soil moisture under agricultural vegetation is investigated. Soil-moisture estimation by means of SAR is a topic that is intensively investigated but yet not solved satisfactorily. The key problem is the presence of vegetation cover which biases soil-moisture estimates. In this paper, we discuss the problem of soil-moisture estimation in the presence of agricultural vegetation by means of L-band PolSAR images. SAR polarimetry allows the decomposition of the scattering signature into canonical scattering components and their quantification. We discuss simple canonical models for surface, dihedral, and vegetation scattering and use them to model and interpret scattering processes. The performance and modifications of the individual scattering components are discussed. The obtained surface and dihedral components are then used to retrieve surface soil moisture. The investigations cover, for the first time, the whole vegetation-growing period for three crop types using SAR data and ground measurements acquired in the frame of the AgriSAR campaign.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2009642},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, agriculture, crops, moisture, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, soil, synthetic aperture radarAgriSAR campaign, L-band, PolSAR images, PolSAR, agricultural vegetation, canonical scattering components, crop types, dihedral components, polarimetric SAR acquisitions, scattering processes, soil moisture estimation, synthetic aperture radar, vegetation cover, ESAR, Airborne SAR},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/hajnsekJagdhuberSchoenPapathanassiou2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4773468&isnumber=4773457}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Ionosphere, ALOS PALSAR, Advanced Land Observing Satellite, Earth's magnetic field, PALSAR data, Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar, focused radar images, frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave traverse, ionospheric Faraday Rotation measurement, radar polarimetry, range-compressed, signal chirp bandwidth effects, signal path delays, spaceborne SAR data, spaceborne synthetic aperture radar, total electron content, TEC, Faraday effect, ionospheric electromagnetic wave propagation, radar polarimetry, radar signal processing, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar;.
| Abstract: | The influence of the atmosphere on a frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave traversing the ionosphere is becoming increasingly important for recent and upcoming low-frequency and wide-bandwidth spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The ionized ionosphere induces Faraday rotation (FR) at these frequencies that affects radar polarimetry and causes signal path delays resulting in a reduced range resolution. The work at hand introduces a simulation model of SAR signals passing through the atmosphere, including both frequency-dependent FR and path delays. Based on simulation results from this model [proven with real Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data], estimation of FR in quad-polarized SAR data using the given approach is shown for raw, range-compressed, and focused radar images. Path delays and signal chirp bandwidth effects are considered. Investigations discuss the suitability of raw and compressed data versus combination of total electron content maps with the Earth's magnetic field for FR estimation and deduced from a large number of analyzed PALSAR data sets. |
@ARTICLE{JehleRueggZuberbuhlerSmallMeier2009:MeasurementofIonoFaradayRot,
author={Jehle, Michael and R{\"u}egg, Maurice and Zuberb{\"u}hler, Lukas and Small, David and Meier, Erich},
journal={{IEEE} Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens.},
title={Measurement of Ionospheric {F}araday Rotation in Simulated and Real Spaceborne {SAR} Data},
year={2009},
month=may,
volume={47},
number={5},
pages={1512-1523},
abstract={The influence of the atmosphere on a frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave traversing the ionosphere is becoming increasingly important for recent and upcoming low-frequency and wide-bandwidth spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. The ionized ionosphere induces Faraday rotation (FR) at these frequencies that affects radar polarimetry and causes signal path delays resulting in a reduced range resolution. The work at hand introduces a simulation model of SAR signals passing through the atmosphere, including both frequency-dependent FR and path delays. Based on simulation results from this model [proven with real Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data], estimation of FR in quad-polarized SAR data using the given approach is shown for raw, range-compressed, and focused radar images. Path delays and signal chirp bandwidth effects are considered. Investigations discuss the suitability of raw and compressed data versus combination of total electron content maps with the Earth's magnetic field for FR estimation and deduced from a large number of analyzed PALSAR data sets.},
keywords={SAR Processing, Ionosphere, ALOS PALSAR, Advanced Land Observing Satellite;Earth's magnetic field;PALSAR data;Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar;focused radar images;frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave traverse;ionospheric Faraday Rotation measurement;radar polarimetry;range-compressed;signal chirp bandwidth effects;signal path delays;spaceborne SAR data;spaceborne synthetic aperture radar;total electron content; TEC, Faraday effect;ionospheric electromagnetic wave propagation;radar polarimetry; radar signal processing;remote sensing by radar;synthetic aperture radar;},
doi={10.1109/TGRS.2008.2004710},
ISSN={0196-2892},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Capon, MUSIC, image reconstruction, airboren SAR, image representation, radar interferometry, synthetic aperture radar3D representation, German Aerospace Center, DLR, L-band, SAR interferometry, SARTom, data acquisition, equivalent targets, experimental SAR system, minimum tomographic aperture, spheroidal wave functions, subspace superresolution methods, synthetic aperture radar tomography, tracks minimum number determination, volumetric source, ESAR.
| Abstract: | Synthetic aperture radar tomography (SARTom) is the natural extension of SAR interferometry to solve for multiple phase centers within a resolution cell and obtain the 3-D representation of a scene. This paper deals with the determination of the minimum number of tracks required to perform SARTom. Through the prolate spheroidal wave functions, the number of equivalent targets of a volumetric source is derived, and from it, the minimum number of observations required to apply subspace superresolution methods is computed. The minimum tomographic aperture length is also investigated. The results are validated on real data acquired in L-band by the experimental SAR system of the German Aerospace Center. |
@ARTICLE{nanniniScheiberMoreiraTGRS2009:SARTom,
author = {Nannini, Matteo and Scheiber, Rolf and Moreira, Alberto},
title = {{Estimation of the Minimum Number of Tracks for SAR Tomography}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {531-543},
number = {2},
month = {Feb. },
abstract = {Synthetic aperture radar tomography (SARTom) is the natural extension of SAR interferometry to solve for multiple phase centers within a resolution cell and obtain the 3-D representation of a scene. This paper deals with the determination of the minimum number of tracks required to perform SARTom. Through the prolate spheroidal wave functions, the number of equivalent targets of a volumetric source is derived, and from it, the minimum number of observations required to apply subspace superresolution methods is computed. The minimum tomographic aperture length is also investigated. The results are validated on real data acquired in L-band by the experimental SAR system of the German Aerospace Center.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2007846},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Capon, MUSIC, image reconstruction, airboren SAR, image representation, radar interferometry, synthetic aperture radar3D representation, German Aerospace Center, DLR, L-band, SAR interferometry, SARTom, data acquisition, equivalent targets, experimental SAR system, minimum tomographic aperture, spheroidal wave functions, subspace superresolution methods, synthetic aperture radar tomography, tracks minimum number determination, volumetric source, ESAR},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/nanniniScheiberMoreiraTGRS2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4768718&isnumber=4773457}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, InSAR, DInSAR, airborne SAR, glaciology, hydrological techniques, SAR Interferometry, Interferometry, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, Aletsch Glacier, Alps, German Aerospace Center, L-band, airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar, data acquisition, differential interferometry, experimental SAR system, line-of-sight displacement, multisquint approach, navigation system, residual motion errors, surface velocity field estimation, temperate glaciers, ESAR.
| Abstract: | This paper presents a methodology to process airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to measure surface velocity fields (SVFs) of temperate glaciers, and applies it to data acquired over the Aletsch glacier. The first part of this paper deals with the main limitation in airborne interferometric SAR to retrieve reliable interferometric products, namely, the existence of the so-called residual motion errors - inaccuracies on the order of a few centimeters in the navigation system. An extended multisquint approach is proposed for their estimation in the case of nonstationary scenes. The second part of this paper expounds an efficient methodology to derive SVFs with airborne systems, where the line-of-sight displacement is estimated using differential interferometry and the along-track component by estimating the azimuth coregistration offsets. The necessary steps to finally obtain the 3-D SVF are also presented, as well as the possibility of combining different acquisition geometries. Airborne interferometric SAR data acquired by the Experimental SAR system of the German aerospace center over the Aletsch glacier, located in the Swiss Alps, are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The motion of the corner reflectors deployed in the scene is retrieved with an accuracy between 1 and 5 cm/day using L-band data. |
@ARTICLE{pratsScheiberReigberAndresHorn2009:DInSARAletsch,
author = {Prats, Pau and Scheiber, Rolf and Reigber, Andreas and Andres, Christian and Horn, Ralf},
title = {Estimation of the Surface Velocity Field of the Aletsch Glacier Using Multibaseline Airborne SAR Interferometry},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {419-430},
number = {2},
month = {Feb. },
abstract = {This paper presents a methodology to process airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to measure surface velocity fields (SVFs) of temperate glaciers, and applies it to data acquired over the Aletsch glacier. The first part of this paper deals with the main limitation in airborne interferometric SAR to retrieve reliable interferometric products, namely, the existence of the so-called residual motion errors - inaccuracies on the order of a few centimeters in the navigation system. An extended multisquint approach is proposed for their estimation in the case of nonstationary scenes. The second part of this paper expounds an efficient methodology to derive SVFs with airborne systems, where the line-of-sight displacement is estimated using differential interferometry and the along-track component by estimating the azimuth coregistration offsets. The necessary steps to finally obtain the 3-D SVF are also presented, as well as the possibility of combining different acquisition geometries. Airborne interferometric SAR data acquired by the Experimental SAR system of the German aerospace center over the Aletsch glacier, located in the Swiss Alps, are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The motion of the corner reflectors deployed in the scene is retrieved with an accuracy between 1 and 5 cm/day using L-band data.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2004277},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, InSAR, DInSAR, airborne SAR, glaciology, hydrological techniques, SAR Interferometry, Interferometry, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, Aletsch Glacier, Alps, German Aerospace Center, L-band, airborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar, data acquisition, differential interferometry, experimental SAR system, line-of-sight displacement, multisquint approach, navigation system, residual motion errors, surface velocity field estimation, temperate glaciers, ESAR},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/pratsScheiberReigberAndresHorn2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4695999&isnumber=4773457}
}
Keywords: SAR Procerssing, PolInSAR, Polarimetry, InSAR, SAR Interferometry, Dual-Baseline, Multi-baseline SAR, SAR Tomography, Tomography, ESAR, Airborne SAR, Building Height.
| Abstract: | This letter generalizes a multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) signal model to the polarimetric scenario. Based on this formulation, two high-performance spectral analysis techniques are adapted to process multibaseline Pol-InSAR observations. These new methods enhance the height estimation of scatterers by calculating optimal polarization combinations and allow the determination of their physical characteristics. Applying the proposed algorithms to urban environments, the building layover problem is analyzed by means of polarimetric dual-baseline InSAR measurements: the ground and building height are estimated. The techniques are validated using dual-baseline Pol-InSAR data acquired by DLR's Experimental SAR (E-SAR) system over Dresden city. |
@ARTICLE{SauerFerroFamilReigberPottier2009:POlInSARBuildingHeight,
author = {Sauer, S. and Ferro-Famil, L. and Reigber, A. and Pottier, E.},
title = {Polarimetric Dual-Baseline {InSAR} Building Height Estimation at {L}-Band},
journal = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
pages = {408-412},
number = {3},
month = jul,
abstract = { This letter generalizes a multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) signal model to the polarimetric scenario. Based on this formulation, two high-performance spectral analysis techniques are adapted to process multibaseline Pol-InSAR observations. These new methods enhance the height estimation of scatterers by calculating optimal polarization combinations and allow the determination of their physical characteristics. Applying the proposed algorithms to urban environments, the building layover problem is analyzed by means of polarimetric dual-baseline InSAR measurements: the ground and building height are estimated. The techniques are validated using dual-baseline Pol-InSAR data acquired by DLR's Experimental SAR (E-SAR) system over Dresden city. },
doi = {10.1109/LGRS.2009.2014571},
issn = {1545-598X},
keywords = {SAR Procerssing, PolInSAR, Polarimetry, InSAR, SAR Interferometry, Dual-Baseline, Multi-baseline SAR, SAR Tomography, Tomography ,ESAR, Airborne SAR, Building Height},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/SauerFerroFamilReigberPottier2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4801686&isnumber=5153590}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, E-SAR, P-Band, algebra, geophysical techniques, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, vegetationBioSAR, E-SAR airborne system, Kronecker products sum, P-band data set, Remningstorp, SAR surveys, Sweden, algebraic synthesis, forest scenarios, forested areas, least square solution, multibaseline PolInSAR data, multipolarimetric multibaseline synthetic aperture radar, single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry, statistical uncorrelation, temporal coherence losses, volumetric coherence losses.
| Abstract: | In this paper, a new methodology is proposed for the analysis of forested areas basing on multipolarimetric multibaseline synthetic aperture radar (SAR) surveys. Such a methodology is based on three hypotheses: 1) statistical uncorrelation of the different scattering mechanisms (SMs), such as ground, volume, and ground-trunk scattering; 2) independence of volumetric and temporal coherence losses of each SM on the choice of the polarimetric channel; and 3) invariance (up to a scale factor) of the average polarimetric signature of each SM with respect to the choice of the track. Under these hypotheses, the data covariance matrix can be expressed as a Sum of Kronecker Products, after which it follows that K SMs are uniquely identified by K (K - 1) real numbers. This result provides the basis to perform SM separation by employing not only model-based approaches, generally retained in literature but also model-free and hybrid approaches, while yielding the best Least Square solution given the hypothesis of K SMs. It will be shown that this approach to SM separation is consistent with the inversion procedures usually exploited in single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry. Experimental validation of this methodology is provided on the basis of the P-band data set relative to the forest site of Remningstorp, Sweden, acquired by German Aerospace Center's E-SAR airborne system in the framework of the European Space Agency campaign BioSAR. |
@ARTICLE{tebaldiniTGRS2009:Tomo,
author = {Tebaldini, Stefano},
title = {Algebraic Synthesis of Forest Scenarios From Multibaseline PolInSAR Data},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {4132-4142},
number = {12},
month = {dec},
abstract = {In this paper, a new methodology is proposed for the analysis of forested areas basing on multipolarimetric multibaseline synthetic aperture radar (SAR) surveys. Such a methodology is based on three hypotheses: 1) statistical uncorrelation of the different scattering mechanisms (SMs), such as ground, volume, and ground-trunk scattering; 2) independence of volumetric and temporal coherence losses of each SM on the choice of the polarimetric channel; and 3) invariance (up to a scale factor) of the average polarimetric signature of each SM with respect to the choice of the track. Under these hypotheses, the data covariance matrix can be expressed as a Sum of Kronecker Products, after which it follows that K SMs are uniquely identified by K (K - 1) real numbers. This result provides the basis to perform SM separation by employing not only model-based approaches, generally retained in literature but also model-free and hybrid approaches, while yielding the best Least Square solution given the hypothesis of K SMs. It will be shown that this approach to SM separation is consistent with the inversion procedures usually exploited in single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry. Experimental validation of this methodology is provided on the basis of the P-band data set relative to the forest site of Remningstorp, Sweden, acquired by German Aerospace Center's E-SAR airborne system in the framework of the European Space Agency campaign BioSAR.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2009.2023785},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, E-SAR, P-Band, algebra, geophysical techniques, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, vegetationBioSAR, E-SAR airborne system, Kronecker products sum, P-band data set, Remningstorp, SAR surveys, Sweden, algebraic synthesis, forest scenarios, forested areas, least square solution, multibaseline PolInSAR data, multipolarimetric multibaseline synthetic aperture radar, single-baseline polarimetric SAR interferometry, statistical uncorrelation, temporal coherence losses, volumetric coherence losses},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/tebaldiniTGRS2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5226569&isnumber=5332061}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, tropical forest structure, InSAR, interferometric SAR, lidar, Ecosystems, structure and dynamics, Remote sensing, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biosphere atmosphere interactions, Trace gases.
| Abstract: | This paper addresses the estimation of vertical vegetation density profiles from multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the AirSAR aircraft at C band over primary, secondary, and abandoned-pasture stands at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica in 2004. Profiles were also estimated from field data taken in 2006 and lidar data taken with the LVIS, 25 m spot instrument in 2005. After motivating the study of tropical forest profiles based on their role in the global carbon cycle, ecosystem state, and biodiversity, this paper describes the InSAR, field, and lidar data acquisitions and analyses. Beyond qualitative agreement between profiles from the 3 measurement techniques, results show that InSAR and lidar profile-averaged mean height have RMS scatters about field-measured means of 3.4 m and 3.2 m, 16 0x1.57b4cffcd5138p-895nd 1524f the average mean height, respectively. InSAR and lidar standard deviations of the vegetation distribution have RMS scatters about the field standard deviations of 1.9 m and 1.5 m, or 27-0x1.d515808067896p+1021nd 21%, respectively. Dominant errors in the profile-averaged mean height for each measurement technique were modeled. InSAR inaccuracies, dominated by ambiguities in finding the ground altitude and coherence calibration, together account for about 3 m of InSAR error in the mean height. The dominant, modeled error for the field measurements was the inaccuracy in modeling the trees as uniformly filled volumes of leaf area, inducing field errors in mean height of about 3 m. The dominant, modeled lidar error, also due to finding the ground, was 2 m. |
@ARTICLE{treuhaftChapmanDosSantosGoncalvesDutraGracaDrake2009:SARVegetationProfiles,
author = {Treuhaft, R. N. and Chapman, B. D. and dos Santos, J. R. and Gon\c{c}alves, F. G. and Dutra, L. V. and Gra\c{c}a, P. M. L. A. and Drake, J. B.},
title = {Vegetation profiles in tropical forests from multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar, field, and lidar measurements},
journal = {J. Geophys. Res.},
year = {2009},
volume = {114},
pages = {1-16},
month = dec,
abstract = {This paper addresses the estimation of vertical vegetation density profiles from multibaseline interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from the AirSAR aircraft at C band over primary, secondary, and abandoned-pasture stands at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica in 2004. Profiles were also estimated from field data taken in 2006 and lidar data taken with the LVIS, 25 m spot instrument in 2005. After motivating the study of tropical forest profiles based on their role in the global carbon cycle, ecosystem state, and biodiversity, this paper describes the InSAR, field, and lidar data acquisitions and analyses. Beyond qualitative agreement between profiles from the 3 measurement techniques, results show that InSAR and lidar profile-averaged mean height have RMS scatters about field-measured means of 3.4 m and 3.2 m, 16 0x1.57b4cffcd5138p-895nd 1524f the average mean height, respectively. InSAR and lidar standard deviations of the vegetation distribution have RMS scatters about the field standard deviations of 1.9 m and 1.5 m, or 27-0x1.d515808067896p+1021nd 21%, respectively. Dominant errors in the profile-averaged mean height for each measurement technique were modeled. InSAR inaccuracies, dominated by ambiguities in finding the ground altitude and coherence calibration, together account for about 3 m of InSAR error in the mean height. The dominant, modeled error for the field measurements was the inaccuracy in modeling the trees as uniformly filled volumes of leaf area, inducing field errors in mean height of about 3 m. The dominant, modeled lidar error, also due to finding the ground, was 2 m.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, tropical forest structure, InSAR, interferometric SAR, lidar, Ecosystems, structure and dynamics, Remote sensing, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biosphere atmosphere interactions, Trace gases},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/SARbibliography/PAPERS/treuhaftChapmanDosSantosGoncalvesDutraGracaDrake2009.pdf},
publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Bistatic SAR, SAR data processing, azimuth time-bandwidth product, azimuth-dependent range-cell-migration terms, azimuth-frequency dependence, bistatic formula, bistatic point-target reference spectrum, bistatic synthetic aperture radar, bistatic-deformation, hybrid spaceborne/airborne simulation experiment, inverse scaled Fourier transformation, inverse sliding-spotlight mode, sliding-spotlight mode, spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic configuration, total Doppler spectrum, wavenumber-domain algorithm, weighting factor, Fourier transforms, airborne radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar;.
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data processing in a spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic configuration. Due to the extreme differences in platform velocities and slant ranges, the airborne system operates in the inverse sliding-spotlight mode, while the spaceborne system works in the sliding-spotlight mode to achieve a tradeoff between azimuth scene size and azimuth resolution. In this extreme bistatic configuration, our original bistatic formula shows a limitation of accurately describing the bistatic point-target reference spectrum, owing to the assumption of equal contributions of transmitter and receiver to the total Doppler spectrum. We extend our previous formula using the weighting operation where the weighting factor is the ratio of the azimuth time-bandwidth product (TBP) of the platform to the total azimuth TBP. In this paper, the bistatic-deformation and azimuth-dependent range-cell-migration terms were removed with phase multiplications performed blockwise in range-azimuth subsections. The remaining quasi-monostatic term shows the characteristic of the conventional monostatic SAR besides an additional azimuth-scaling term. For the monostatic characteristic, any precision monostatic SAR processing algorithms can handle. In this paper, we prefer the wavenumber-domain algorithm (also known as Omega-K), since it can accurately correct the range dependence of the range-azimuth coupling, as well as the azimuth-frequency dependence. For the azimuth-scaling term, an inverse scaled Fourier transformation is performed to correct it. Finally, a hybrid spaceborne/airborne simulation experiment is conducted to validate the proposed processing procedure. |
@ARTICLE{WangLoffeldNiesEnder2009:WavenumberDomainBistatic,
author={Wang, R. and Loffeld, O. and Nies, H. and Ender, J.},
journal=IEEE_J_GRS,
title={Focusing Spaceborne/Airborne Hybrid Bistatic {SAR} Data Using Wavenumber-Domain Algorithm},
year={2009},
month=jul,
volume={47},
number={7},
pages={2275-2283},
abstract={This paper focuses on the bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data processing in a spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic configuration. Due to the extreme differences in platform velocities and slant ranges, the airborne system operates in the inverse sliding-spotlight mode, while the spaceborne system works in the sliding-spotlight mode to achieve a tradeoff between azimuth scene size and azimuth resolution. In this extreme bistatic configuration, our original bistatic formula shows a limitation of accurately describing the bistatic point-target reference spectrum, owing to the assumption of equal contributions of transmitter and receiver to the total Doppler spectrum. We extend our previous formula using the weighting operation where the weighting factor is the ratio of the azimuth time-bandwidth product (TBP) of the platform to the total azimuth TBP. In this paper, the bistatic-deformation and azimuth-dependent range-cell-migration terms were removed with phase multiplications performed blockwise in range-azimuth subsections. The remaining quasi-monostatic term shows the characteristic of the conventional monostatic SAR besides an additional azimuth-scaling term. For the monostatic characteristic, any precision monostatic SAR processing algorithms can handle. In this paper, we prefer the wavenumber-domain algorithm (also known as Omega-K), since it can accurately correct the range dependence of the range-azimuth coupling, as well as the azimuth-frequency dependence. For the azimuth-scaling term, an inverse scaled Fourier transformation is performed to correct it. Finally, a hybrid spaceborne/airborne simulation experiment is conducted to validate the proposed processing procedure.},
keywords={SAR Processing,Bistatic SAR,SAR data processing;azimuth time-bandwidth product;azimuth-dependent range-cell-migration terms;azimuth-frequency dependence;bistatic formula;bistatic point-target reference spectrum;bistatic synthetic aperture radar;bistatic-deformation;hybrid spaceborne/airborne simulation experiment;inverse scaled Fourier transformation;inverse sliding-spotlight mode;sliding-spotlight mode;spaceborne/airborne hybrid bistatic configuration;total Doppler spectrum;wavenumber-domain algorithm;weighting factor;Fourier transforms;airborne radar;spaceborne radar;synthetic aperture radar;},
doi={10.1109/TGRS.2008.2010852},
ISSN={0196-2892},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Bistatic SAR, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, ECS, CSA processor, Doppler phase parameters, Loffeld bistatic formula, SAR receiver velocity vector, SAR transmitter velocity vector, azimuth invariant configuration, azimuth stationary configuration, bistatic SAR data processing method, bistatic deformation term linearisation, bistatic motion error model, bistatic slant range displacement, chirp scaling algorithm, constant offset configuration, monostatic motion compensation technique, quasimonostatic term linearisation, trajectory deviation compensattion, zero Doppler plane, Doppler radar, chirp modulation, geophysical signal processing, motion compensation, radar receivers, radar signal processing, radar transmitters, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar;.
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the processing method for bistatic SAR data in the constant-offset configuration. The constant-offset configuration is also known as the azimuth stationary or invariant configuration where transmitter and receiver follow each other, moving on identical velocity vector. In this paper, the proposed processing method for bistatic SAR data is based on Loffeld's bistatic formula that consists of two terms, i.e., the quasi-monostatic (QM) term and bistatic-deformation (BD) term. Our basic idea is to linearize the aforementioned two terms and then incorporate the BD term into the QM term to obtain an analogous monostatic spectrum. Based on the new spectrum, any efficient 2-D frequency or range-Doppler domain processor can easily be employed to process the bistatic data, where the Doppler phase parameters of the processor need to be adjusted. In this paper, we concentrate on the application of chirp-scaling-algorithm (CSA) processor. In addition, a bistatic-motion error model is developed where the position deviations of the two platforms are simplified as the bistatic slant-range displacement in the zero Doppler plane. Using this model, the monostatic motion-compensation technique is applied and integrated into CSA to compensate the trajectory deviations of transmitter and receiver. Finally, real and simulated data are used to validate the proposed processing method. |
@ARTICLE{WangLoffeldNiesKnedlikEnder2009:BistaticConstOffset,
author={Wang, R. and Loffeld, O. and Nies, H. and Knedlik, S. and Ender, J.},
journal=IEEE_J_GRS,
title={Chirp-Scaling Algorithm for Bistatic {SAR} Data in the Constant-Offset Configuration},
year={2009},
month=mar,
volume={47},
number={3},
pages={952-964},
abstract={This paper discusses the processing method for bistatic SAR data in the constant-offset configuration. The constant-offset configuration is also known as the azimuth stationary or invariant configuration where transmitter and receiver follow each other, moving on identical velocity vector. In this paper, the proposed processing method for bistatic SAR data is based on Loffeld's bistatic formula that consists of two terms, i.e., the quasi-monostatic (QM) term and bistatic-deformation (BD) term. Our basic idea is to linearize the aforementioned two terms and then incorporate the BD term into the QM term to obtain an analogous monostatic spectrum. Based on the new spectrum, any efficient 2-D frequency or range-Doppler domain processor can easily be employed to process the bistatic data, where the Doppler phase parameters of the processor need to be adjusted. In this paper, we concentrate on the application of chirp-scaling-algorithm (CSA) processor. In addition, a bistatic-motion error model is developed where the position deviations of the two platforms are simplified as the bistatic slant-range displacement in the zero Doppler plane. Using this model, the monostatic motion-compensation technique is applied and integrated into CSA to compensate the trajectory deviations of transmitter and receiver. Finally, real and simulated data are used to validate the proposed processing method.},
keywords={SAR Processing,Bistatic SAR, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, ECS, CSA processor;Doppler phase parameters;Loffeld bistatic formula;SAR receiver velocity vector;SAR transmitter velocity vector;azimuth invariant configuration;azimuth stationary configuration;bistatic SAR data processing method;bistatic deformation term linearisation;bistatic motion error model;bistatic slant range displacement;chirp scaling algorithm;constant offset configuration;monostatic motion compensation technique;quasimonostatic term linearisation;trajectory deviation compensattion;zero Doppler plane;Doppler radar;chirp modulation;geophysical signal processing;motion compensation;radar receivers;radar signal processing;radar transmitters;remote sensing by radar;synthetic aperture radar;},
doi={10.1109/TGRS.2008.2006275},
ISSN={0196-2892},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, CSA, Bistatic SAR, Doppler phase parameters, Loffeld bistatic formula, SAR receiver velocity vector, SAR transmitter velocity vector, azimuth invariant configuration, azimuth stationary configuration, bistatic SAR data processing method, bistatic deformation term linearisation, bistatic motion error model, bistatic slant range displacement, constant offset configuration, monostatic motion compensation technique, quasimonostatic term linearisation, trajectory deviation compensation, zero Doppler plane, Doppler radar, chirp modulation, geophysical signal processing, Motion Compensation, MoComp, radar receivers, radar signal processing, radar transmitters, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS.
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the processing method for bistatic SAR data in the constant-offset configuration. The constant-offset configuration is also known as the azimuth stationary or invariant configuration where transmitter and receiver follow each other, moving on identical velocity vector. In this paper, the proposed processing method for bistatic SAR data is based on Loffeld's bistatic formula that consists of two terms, i.e., the quasi-monostatic (QM) term and bistatic-deformation (BD) term. Our basic idea is to linearize the aforementioned two terms and then incorporate the BD term into the QM term to obtain an analogous monostatic spectrum. Based on the new spectrum, any efficient 2-D frequency or range-Doppler domain processor can easily be employed to process the bistatic data, where the Doppler phase parameters of the processor need to be adjusted. In this paper, we concentrate on the application of chirp-scaling-algorithm (CSA) processor. In addition, a bistatic-motion error model is developed where the position deviations of the two platforms are simplified as the bistatic slant-range displacement in the zero Doppler plane. Using this model, the monostatic motion-compensation technique is applied and integrated into CSA to compensate the trajectory deviations of transmitter and receiver. Finally, real and simulated data are used to validate the proposed processing method. |
@ARTICLE{wangLoffeldNiesKnedlikEnder2010:ChirpScalingBiStatic,
author = {Robert Wang and Otmar Loffeld and Holger Nies and Stefan Knedlik and Joachim H. G. Ender},
title = {Chirp-Scaling Algorithm for Bistatic {SAR} Data in the Constant-Offset Configuration},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {952 -964},
number = {3},
month = mar,
abstract = {This paper discusses the processing method for bistatic SAR data in the constant-offset configuration. The constant-offset configuration is also known as the azimuth stationary or invariant configuration where transmitter and receiver follow each other, moving on identical velocity vector. In this paper, the proposed processing method for bistatic SAR data is based on Loffeld's bistatic formula that consists of two terms, i.e., the quasi-monostatic (QM) term and bistatic-deformation (BD) term. Our basic idea is to linearize the aforementioned two terms and then incorporate the BD term into the QM term to obtain an analogous monostatic spectrum. Based on the new spectrum, any efficient 2-D frequency or range-Doppler domain processor can easily be employed to process the bistatic data, where the Doppler phase parameters of the processor need to be adjusted. In this paper, we concentrate on the application of chirp-scaling-algorithm (CSA) processor. In addition, a bistatic-motion error model is developed where the position deviations of the two platforms are simplified as the bistatic slant-range displacement in the zero Doppler plane. Using this model, the monostatic motion-compensation technique is applied and integrated into CSA to compensate the trajectory deviations of transmitter and receiver. Finally, real and simulated data are used to validate the proposed processing method.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2008.2006275},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, CSA, Bistatic SAR, Doppler phase parameters, Loffeld bistatic formula, SAR receiver velocity vector, SAR transmitter velocity vector, azimuth invariant configuration, azimuth stationary configuration, bistatic SAR data processing method, bistatic deformation term linearisation, bistatic motion error model, bistatic slant range displacement, constant offset configuration, monostatic motion compensation technique, quasimonostatic term linearisation, trajectory deviation compensation, zero Doppler plane, Doppler radar, chirp modulation, geophysical signal processing, Motion Compensation, MoComp, radar receivers, radar signal processing, radar transmitters, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/wangLoffeldNiesKnedlikEnder2010.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4711112}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Motion Compensation. MoComp, 3D MOCO method, 3D motion error analysis, Doppler rate estimate, UAV SAR, Airborne SAR, aircraft properties, atmospheric turbulence, forward velocity, inertial navigation system, line-of-sight direction displacement, motion parameters extraction, raw radar data, synthetic aperture radar systems, unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, error analysis, geophysical techniques, inertial navigation, radar imaging, remotely operated vehicles, synthetic aperture radar.
| Abstract: | Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is very important for battlefield awareness. For SAR systems mounted on a UAV, the motion errors can be considerably high due to atmospheric turbulence and aircraft properties, such as its small size, which makes motion compensation (MOCO) in UAV SAR more urgent than other SAR systems. In this paper, based on 3-D motion error analysis, a novel 3-D MOCO method is proposed. The main idea is to extract necessary motion parameters, i.e., forward velocity and displacement in line-of-sight direction, from radar raw data, based on an instantaneous Doppler rate estimate. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for low- or medium-altitude UAV SAR systems equipped with a low-accuracy inertial navigation system. |
@ARTICLE{xingJiangWuZhouBaoTGRS2009:MoCompUAVSAR,
author = {Mengdao Xing and Xiuwei Jiang and Renbiao Wu and Feng Zhou and Zheng Bao},
title = {Motion Compensation for {UAV} {SAR} Based on Raw Radar Data},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {2870-2883},
number = {8},
month = aug,
abstract = {Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is very important for battlefield awareness. For SAR systems mounted on a UAV, the motion errors can be considerably high due to atmospheric turbulence and aircraft properties, such as its small size, which makes motion compensation (MOCO) in UAV SAR more urgent than other SAR systems. In this paper, based on 3-D motion error analysis, a novel 3-D MOCO method is proposed. The main idea is to extract necessary motion parameters, i.e., forward velocity and displacement in line-of-sight direction, from radar raw data, based on an instantaneous Doppler rate estimate. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for low- or medium-altitude UAV SAR systems equipped with a low-accuracy inertial navigation system.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2009.2015657},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Motion Compensation. MoComp, 3D MOCO method, 3D motion error analysis, Doppler rate estimate, UAV SAR, Airborne SAR, aircraft properties, atmospheric turbulence, forward velocity, inertial navigation system, line-of-sight direction displacement, motion parameters extraction, raw radar data, synthetic aperture radar systems, unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, error analysis, geophysical techniques, inertial navigation,radar imaging, remotely operated vehicles, synthetic aperture radar},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/xingJiangWuZhouBaoTGRS2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4895307}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Azimuth Focusing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, CSA, Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS, range-Doppler algorithm, omega-k, wavenumber domain algorithm, range migration algorithm, frequency-domain analysis, geophysical techniques, synthetic aperture radar, 2D frequency domain analysis.
| Abstract: | The range-Doppler algorithm and the chirp-scaling algorithm (CSA) process synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with approximations to ideal SAR processing. These approximations are invalid for data from systems with wide beamwidths, large bandwidths, and/or low center frequencies. While simple and efficient, these frequency-domain methods are thus limited by the SAR parameters. This paper explores these limits and proposes a generalized chirp-scaling approach for extending the utility of frequency-domain processing. We demonstrate how different order approximations of the SAR signal in the 2-D frequency domain affect image focusing for varying SAR parameters. From these results, a guideline is set forth, which suggests the required order of approximation terms for proper focusing. A proposed generalized frequency-domain processing approach is derived. This method is an efficient arbitrary-order CSA that processes the data using the appropriate number of approximation terms. The new method is demonstrated using simulated data. |
@ARTICLE{zauggLongTGRS2009:GeneralizedFreqDomainProcessing,
author = {Zaugg, Evan C. and Long, David G.},
title = {Generalized Frequency-Domain {SAR} Processing},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {2009},
volume = {47},
pages = {3761-3773},
number = {11},
month = nov,
abstract = {The range-Doppler algorithm and the chirp-scaling algorithm (CSA) process synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with approximations to ideal SAR processing. These approximations are invalid for data from systems with wide beamwidths, large bandwidths, and/or low center frequencies. While simple and efficient, these frequency-domain methods are thus limited by the SAR parameters. This paper explores these limits and proposes a generalized chirp-scaling approach for extending the utility of frequency-domain processing. We demonstrate how different order approximations of the SAR signal in the 2-D frequency domain affect image focusing for varying SAR parameters. From these results, a guideline is set forth, which suggests the required order of approximation terms for proper focusing. A proposed generalized frequency-domain processing approach is derived. This method is an efficient arbitrary-order CSA that processes the data using the appropriate number of approximation terms. The new method is demonstrated using simulated data.},
doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2009.2025372},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Azimuth Focusing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, CSA, Extended Chirp Scaling, ECS, range-Doppler algorithm, omega-k, wavenumber domain algorithm, range migration algorithm, frequency-domain analysis,geophysical techniques,synthetic aperture radar, 2D frequency domain analysis},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/zauggLongTGRS2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5208234}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Bistatic SAR, SPECAN, Azimuth Focusing, Spotlight SAR, Spotlight-mode data.
| Abstract: | Dechirping is a technique widely used to reduce sampling rate. It is well suited for the illumination of small scenes. In this paper, we extend this idea to mono/bistatic spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. An azimuth preprocessor based on the spectral analysis (SPECAN) convolution is presented. The convolution overcomes the Doppler aliasing of echoed signals, while the wavenumber analytic formula keeps unchanged. Since the spatial characteristic of the signal is preserved, the preprocessing is well compatible with conventional focusing approaches, such as chirp scaling algorithm and frequency scaling algorithm. The proposed method is validated by simulations in both monostatic and bistatic cases. |
@ARTICLE{zhangQiuXingBao2009BistaticSpotlight,
author = {Lei Zhang and Cheng-Wei Qiu and Mengdao Xing and Zheng Bao},
journal = {Journal of Applied Remote Sensing},
title = {Azimuth preprocessing for monostatic and bistatic spotlight synthetic aperture radar maging based on spectral analysis convolution},
year = {2009},
month = jan,
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {1-20},
abstract = {Dechirping is a technique widely used to reduce sampling rate. It is well suited for the illumination of small scenes. In this paper, we extend this idea to mono/bistatic spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. An azimuth preprocessor based on the spectral analysis (SPECAN) convolution is presented. The convolution overcomes the Doppler aliasing of echoed signals, while the wavenumber analytic formula keeps unchanged. Since the spatial characteristic of the signal is preserved, the preprocessing is well compatible with conventional focusing approaches, such as chirp scaling algorithm and frequency scaling algorithm. The proposed method is validated by simulations in both monostatic and bistatic cases.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Bistatic SAR, SPECAN, Azimuth Focusing, Spotlight SAR, Spotlight-mode data},
doi = {10.1117/12.855630},
url = {http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JARSC4000003000001033565000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/zhangQiuXingBao2009BistaticSpotlight.pdf},
ISSN = {0196-2892},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, 3D SAR, ISAR, Spinning Targets, Rotating Targets.
| Abstract: | In this letter, a 3-D inversed synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm for targets in high-speed spinning is proposed based on 2-D spectrum matched filter (MF) banks. Each spectrum MF bank yields a focused slice for its corresponding scatterers. By extracting the spatial parameters from all slices, the 3-D image of the target can be constructed. Numeric simulation confirms the validity of the algorithm. |
@ARTICLE{ZhangXingQiuBao2009:,
author = {Zhang, Lei and Xing, Meng-dao and Qiu, Cheng-Wei and Bao, Zheng},
title = {Two-Dimensional Spectrum Matched Filter Banks for High-Speed Spinning-Target Three-Dimensional ISAR Imaging},
journal = {IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters},
year = {2009},
volume = {6},
pages = {368-372},
number = {3},
month = jul,
abstract = { In this letter, a 3-D inversed synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithm for targets in high-speed spinning is proposed based on 2-D spectrum matched filter (MF) banks. Each spectrum MF bank yields a focused slice for its corresponding scatterers. By extracting the spatial parameters from all slices, the 3-D image of the target can be constructed. Numeric simulation confirms the validity of the algorithm. },
doi = {10.1109/LGRS.2009.2013487},
issn = {1545-598X},
keywords = {SAR Processing, 3D SAR, ISAR, Spinning Targets, Rotating Targets},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/ZhangXingQiuBao2009.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4785240&isnumber=5153590}
}
Conference articles
-
F. Hélière,
C.C. Lin,
F. Fois,
M. Davidson,
A. Thompson,
and P. Bensi.
BIOMASS: A P-band SAR Earth explorer core mission candidate.
In Proc. IEEE Radar Conf.,
pages 1-6,
May 2009.
Keywords: BIOMASS mission, Earth explorer core mission candidate, P-band, forest area, forest biomass, forest disturbances, frequency 425 MHz, global maps, synthetic aperture radar, terrestrial carbon cycle, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar;.Abstract: The greatest uncertainties in the global carbon cycle involve estimating how carbon dioxide is taken up by land. The BIOMASS mission aims to improve the present assessment and future projection of the terrestrial carbon cycle by providing consistent global maps of forest biomass and forest area, forest disturbances and recovery with time, and the extent and evolution of the forest flooding. The BIOMASS primary objectives can be achieved through P-band (435 MHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations of global forest cover. Two parallel industrial studies at phase 0 level were awarded respectively to Astrium GmbH and Thales Alenia Space Italy. This paper presents the resulting system concepts as elaborated by the industrial teams. The result of the phase 0 was presented to the user community in January 2009 in Lisbon together with other Earth Explorer candidates for further down-selection. If successfully selected after phase 0 and phase A, BIOMASS will be launched during 2016. @INPROCEEDINGS{HeliereLinFoisDavidsonThompsonBensi2009:BIOMASSmission, author={H\'eli\`ere, F. and Lin, C.C. and Fois, F. and Davidson, M. and Thompson, A. and Bensi, P.}, booktitle={Proc. IEEE Radar Conf.}, title={{BIOMASS}: A {P-band} {SAR} {E}arth explorer core mission candidate}, year={2009}, month=may, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-6}, abstract={The greatest uncertainties in the global carbon cycle involve estimating how carbon dioxide is taken up by land. The BIOMASS mission aims to improve the present assessment and future projection of the terrestrial carbon cycle by providing consistent global maps of forest biomass and forest area, forest disturbances and recovery with time, and the extent and evolution of the forest flooding. The BIOMASS primary objectives can be achieved through P-band (435 MHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations of global forest cover. Two parallel industrial studies at phase 0 level were awarded respectively to Astrium GmbH and Thales Alenia Space Italy. This paper presents the resulting system concepts as elaborated by the industrial teams. The result of the phase 0 was presented to the user community in January 2009 in Lisbon together with other Earth Explorer candidates for further down-selection. If successfully selected after phase 0 and phase A, BIOMASS will be launched during 2016.}, keywords={BIOMASS mission;Earth explorer core mission candidate;P-band;forest area;forest biomass;forest disturbances;frequency 425 MHz;global maps;synthetic aperture radar;terrestrial carbon cycle;remote sensing by radar;spaceborne radar;synthetic aperture radar;}, doi={10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977088}, ISSN={1097-5659}, } -
Charles V. Jakowatz and Daniel E. Wahl.
Considerations for autofocus of spotlight-mode SAR imagery created using a beamforming algorithm.
In Edmund G. Zelnio and Frederick D. Garber, editors,
,
volume 7337,
pages 73370A,
2009.
SPIE.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Autofocus, Autofocus in the TDBP Framework, Back-projection, Time-Domain Back-Projection, TDBP, Fast Back-projection, Fast-Factorized Back-Projection, FFBP, Spotlight SAR, Spotlight-mode data, Beamforming.@conference{jakowatzWahlAutofocusBeamformingSpotlight2009, author = {Charles V. Jakowatz, Jr. and Daniel E. Wahl}, editor = {Edmund G. Zelnio and Frederick D. Garber}, collaboration = {}, title = {Considerations for autofocus of spotlight-mode {SAR} imagery created using a beamforming algorithm}, publisher = {SPIE}, year = {2009}, journal = {Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery XVI}, volume = {7337}, number = {1}, eid = {73370A}, numpages = {9}, pages = {73370A}, location = {Orlando, FL, USA}, url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/7337/73370A/1}, doi = {10.1117/12.820049}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Autofocus, Autofocus in the TDBP Framework, Back-projection, Time-Domain Back-Projection, TDBP, Fast Back-projection, Fast-Factorized Back-Projection, FFBP, Spotlight SAR, Spotlight-mode data, Beamforming}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/jakowatzWahlAutofocusBeamformingSpotlight2009.pdf}, owner = {ofrey}, } -
W.T.K. Johnson,
P.A. Rosen,
S. Hensley,
and A. Freeman.
Radar designs for the DESDynI mission.
In IEEE Radar Conference,
pages 1-3,
May 2009.
Keywords: DESDynI mission, InSAR, Lidar, SweepSAR, dual polarization, ecosystem structure, ice dynamics, interferometric radar design, near-polar orbit, quadpolarization, solid Earth, spacecraft, vegetation, electromagnetic wave polarisation, geophysical techniques, ice, optical radar, radar interferometry, synthetic aperture radar;.Abstract: The interferometric radar (InSAR) design has undergone several iterations in the years that this mission has been under consideration. In the most recent proposal the InSAR is combined with a Lidar and the mission is called deformation, ecosystem structure, and dynamics of ice (DESDynI). This spacecraft would be in a near-polar orbit around the Earth and repeatedly collect data to monitor changes in the solid Earth, vegetation, and ice. The radar is a repeat pass interferometric SAR with dual and quad polarization capability. This paper examines the state of the configuration of the radar including a ldquoSweepSARrdquo method that has been incorporated as the present baseline. @INPROCEEDINGS{JohnsonRosenHensleyFreeman2009:DESDynIRadarDesign, author={Johnson, W.T.K. and Rosen, P.A. and Hensley, S. and Freeman, A.}, booktitle={IEEE Radar Conference}, title={Radar designs for the {DESDynI} mission}, year={2009}, month=may, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-3}, abstract={The interferometric radar (InSAR) design has undergone several iterations in the years that this mission has been under consideration. In the most recent proposal the InSAR is combined with a Lidar and the mission is called deformation, ecosystem structure, and dynamics of ice (DESDynI). This spacecraft would be in a near-polar orbit around the Earth and repeatedly collect data to monitor changes in the solid Earth, vegetation, and ice. The radar is a repeat pass interferometric SAR with dual and quad polarization capability. This paper examines the state of the configuration of the radar including a ldquoSweepSARrdquo method that has been incorporated as the present baseline.}, keywords={DESDynI mission;InSAR;Lidar;SweepSAR;dual polarization;ecosystem structure;ice dynamics;interferometric radar design;near-polar orbit;quadpolarization;solid Earth;spacecraft;vegetation;electromagnetic wave polarisation;geophysical techniques;ice;optical radar;radar interferometry;synthetic aperture radar;}, doi={10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977119}, ISSN={1097-5659}, } -
G. Krieger,
I. Hajnsek,
K. P. Papathanassiou,
M. Eineder,
M. Younis,
F. De Zan,
P. Prats,
S. Huber,
M. Werner,
H. Fiedler,
A. Freeman,
P. Rosen,
S. Hensley,
W. Johnson,
L. Veilleux,
B. Grafmueller,
R. Werninghaus,
R. Bamler,
and A. Moreira.
The Tandem-L mission proposal: Monitoring Earth's dynamics with high resolution SAR interferometry.
In Proc. IEEE Radar Conf.,
pages 1-6,
May 2009.
Keywords: Earth's Dynamics Monitoring, Tandem-L mission, advanced digital beamforming techniques, biomass inventories, glacier movement observations, global forest height, high data acquisition, high resolution SAR interferometry, innovative interferometric radar mission, millimetric displacements measurements, polarimetric radar mission, synthetic aperture radar, tectonic shifts, data acquisition, glaciology, radar interferometry, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, tectonics, vegetation;.Abstract: Tandem-L is a proposal for an innovative interferometric and polarimetric radar mission that enables the systematic monitoring of dynamic processes on the Earth surface. Important mission objectives are global forest height and biomass inventories, large scale measurements of millimetric displacements due to tectonic shifts, and systematic observations of glacier movements. The innovative mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L provide a unique data source to observe, analyze and quantify the dynamics of a wide range of mutually interacting processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its intricate dynamics. This paper provides an overview of the Tandem-L mission concept and its main application areas. Performance predictions show the great potential of Tandem-L to acquire a wide range of bio- and geophysical parameters with high accuracy on a global scale. Innovative aspects like the employment of advanced digital beamforming techniques to improve performance and coverage are discussed in detail. @INPROCEEDINGS{KriegerEtAl_DLR_and_JPL:tandemL, author={Krieger, G. and Hajnsek, I. and Papathanassiou, K. P. and Eineder, M. and Younis, M. and De Zan, F. and Prats, P. and Huber, S. and Werner, M. and Fiedler, H. and Freeman, A. and Rosen, P. and Hensley, S. and Johnson, W. and Veilleux, L. and Grafmueller, B. and Werninghaus, R. and Bamler, R. and Moreira, A.}, booktitle={Proc. IEEE Radar Conf.}, title={The {Tandem-L} mission proposal: Monitoring {E}arth's dynamics with high resolution {SAR} interferometry}, year={2009}, month=may, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-6}, abstract={Tandem-L is a proposal for an innovative interferometric and polarimetric radar mission that enables the systematic monitoring of dynamic processes on the Earth surface. Important mission objectives are global forest height and biomass inventories, large scale measurements of millimetric displacements due to tectonic shifts, and systematic observations of glacier movements. The innovative mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L provide a unique data source to observe, analyze and quantify the dynamics of a wide range of mutually interacting processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its intricate dynamics. This paper provides an overview of the Tandem-L mission concept and its main application areas. Performance predictions show the great potential of Tandem-L to acquire a wide range of bio- and geophysical parameters with high accuracy on a global scale. Innovative aspects like the employment of advanced digital beamforming techniques to improve performance and coverage are discussed in detail.}, keywords={Earth's Dynamics Monitoring;Tandem-L mission;advanced digital beamforming techniques; biomass inventories;glacier movement observations;global forest height;high data acquisition;high resolution SAR interferometry;innovative interferometric radar mission;millimetric displacements measurements;polarimetric radar mission;synthetic aperture radar;tectonic shifts;data acquisition;glaciology;radar interferometry;radar polarimetry;remote sensing by radar;synthetic aperture radar;tectonics;vegetation;}, doi={10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977077}, ISSN={1097-5659}, } -
F. Lombardini and M. Pardini.
Detection of scatterer multiplicity in spaceborne SAR tomography with array errors.
In Radar Conference, 2009 IEEE,
pages 1--6,
4-8 May 2009.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Lombardini2009, author = {Lombardini, F. and Pardini, M.}, title = {Detection of scatterer multiplicity in spaceborne SAR tomography with array errors}, booktitle = {Radar Conference, 2009 IEEE}, year = {2009}, pages = {1--6}, month = {4-8 May}, doi = {10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977012}, owner = {ofrey}, timestamp = {2009.07.01} } -
Antonio Moccia and Alfredo Renga.
Hybrid space-airborne bistatic SAR geometric resolutions.
In Lorenzo Bruzzone,
Claudia Notarnicola,
and Francesco Posa, editors,
,
volume 7477,
pages 74771Y,
2009.
SPIE.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Bistatic SAR, Geometric Resolution, Geometric Bistatic Resolution, Bistatic Resolution, Resolution, Airborne SAR, Spaceborne SAR.@conference{mocciaRengaBistaticResolutions2010, author = {Antonio Moccia and Alfredo Renga}, editor = {Lorenzo Bruzzone and Claudia Notarnicola and Francesco Posa}, collaboration = {}, title = {Hybrid space-airborne bistatic SAR geometric resolutions}, publisher = {SPIE}, year = {2009}, journal = {Image and Signal Processing for Remote Sensing XV}, volume = {7477}, number = {1}, eid = {74771Y}, numpages = {15}, pages = {74771Y}, location = {Berlin, Germany}, url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/7477/74771Y/1}, doi = {10.1117/12.830930}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Bistatic SAR, Geometric Resolution, Geometric Bistatic Resolution, Bistatic Resolution, Resolution, Airborne SAR, Spaceborne SAR}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/mocciaRengaBistaticResolutions2010.pdf}, owner = {ofrey}, } -
Alberto Moreira,
Gerhard Krieger,
Irena Hajnsek,
Kostas Papathanassiou,
Michael Eineder,
Francesco De Zan,
Marwan Younis,
and Marian Werner.
Tandem-L: Monitoring the Earth's Dynamics with InSAR and Pol-InSAR.
In Proc. PolInSAR,
Frascati, Italy (ESA SP-668),
January 2009.
Keywords: Earth's Dynamics Monitoring, Tandem-L mission, advanced digital beamforming techniques, biomass inventories, glacier movement observations, global forest height, high data acquisition, high resolution SAR interferometry, innovative interferometric radar mission, millimetric displacements measurements, polarimetric radar mission, synthetic aperture radar, tectonic shifts, data acquisition, glaciology, radar interferometry, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, tectonics, vegetation;.Abstract: Tandem-L is a proposal for an innovative interferometric radar mission that enables the systematic monitoring of dynamic processes on the Earth surface. Important application examples are global forest height and biomass inventories, measurements of Earth deformations due to tectonic processes, observations of 3-D structure changes in ice, and the monitoring of ocean surface currents. The innovative mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L provide a unique data source to observe, analyze and quantify a wide range of mutually interacting processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its climate dynamics. The Tandem-L mission concept relies on a systematic data acquisition strategy using a pair of cooperating L-band SAR satellites flying in close formation. The satellite system is operated in two basic data acquisition modes: 1) The 3-D structure mode employs fully-polarimetric single-pass SAR interferometry (Pol-InSAR) to acquire structural parameters and quasi-tomographic images of volume scatterers like vegetation, sand, and ice. 2) The deformation mode employs repeat-pass interferometry (InSAR) in an ultra-wide swath mode to measure small shifts on the Earth surface with millimetric accuracy and short repetition intervals. This paper provides an overview of the Tandem-L mission concept and its main application areas. Performance predictions show the great potential of Tandem-L to acquire a wide range of bio- and geophysical products with high accuracy on a global scale. Furthermore, innovative technical aspects like for example the use of digital beamforming to improve performance and coverage will be presented. @INPROCEEDINGS{moreiraKriegerHajnsekPapathanassiouEinederDeZanYounisWerner:tandemLatPOLINSAR2009, author = {Alberto Moreira and Gerhard Krieger and Irena Hajnsek and Kostas Papathanassiou and Michael Eineder and Francesco De Zan and Marwan Younis and Marian Werner}, title = {{Tandem-L}: Monitoring the {E}arth's Dynamics with {InSAR} and {Pol-InSAR}}, booktitle = {Proc. {PolInSAR}}, year = 2009, volume = {}, month = jan, pages = {}, address = {Frascati, Italy (ESA SP-668)}, keywords={Earth's Dynamics Monitoring;Tandem-L mission;advanced digital beamforming techniques;biomass inventories;glacier movement observations;global forest height;high data acquisition;high resolution SAR interferometry;innovative interferometric radar mission;millimetric displacements measurements;polarimetric radar mission;synthetic aperture radar;tectonic shifts;data acquisition;glaciology;radar interferometry;radar polarimetry;remote sensing by radar;synthetic aperture radar;tectonics;vegetation;}, abstract={Tandem-L is a proposal for an innovative interferometric radar mission that enables the systematic monitoring of dynamic processes on the Earth surface. Important application examples are global forest height and biomass inventories, measurements of Earth deformations due to tectonic processes, observations of 3-D structure changes in ice, and the monitoring of ocean surface currents. The innovative mission concept and the high data acquisition capacity of Tandem-L provide a unique data source to observe, analyze and quantify a wide range of mutually interacting processes in the bio-, litho-, hydro- and cryosphere. By this, Tandem-L will be an essential step to advance our understanding of the Earth system and its climate dynamics. The Tandem-L mission concept relies on a systematic data acquisition strategy using a pair of cooperating L-band SAR satellites flying in close formation. The satellite system is operated in two basic data acquisition modes: 1) The 3-D structure mode employs fully-polarimetric single-pass SAR interferometry (Pol-InSAR) to acquire structural parameters and quasi-tomographic images of volume scatterers like vegetation, sand, and ice. 2) The deformation mode employs repeat-pass interferometry (InSAR) in an ultra-wide swath mode to measure small shifts on the Earth surface with millimetric accuracy and short repetition intervals. This paper provides an overview of the Tandem-L mission concept and its main application areas. Performance predictions show the great potential of Tandem-L to acquire a wide range of bio- and geophysical products with high accuracy on a global scale. Furthermore, innovative technical aspects like for example the use of digital beamforming to improve performance and coverage will be presented.}, } -
R.K. Raney.
DESDynI adopts hybrid polarity SAR architecture.
In Radar Conference, 2009 IEEE,
pages 1-4,
May 2009.
Keywords: DESDynI mission, L-band synthetic aperture radar, The National Research Council's Earth Science 2007 Decadal Survey, circular polarization, forest biomass, hybrid-polarity dual-polarised SAR, quadrature-polarimetric SAR mode, terrain surface deformation, polarisation, synthetic aperture radar;.Abstract: DESDynl-Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice-is one of the first-tier missions recommended in The National Research Council's Earth Science 2007 Decadal Survey. DESDynI's L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is designed to measure terrain surface deformation and forest biomass, hence its quadrature-polarimetric SAR mode. The objective to provide quantitative information on a global scale imposes severe requirements on the radar to maximize coverage and to sustain reliable operational calibration. These requirements are best served by the hybrid-polarity architecture, in which the radar transmits in circular polarization, and receives on two orthogonal linear polarizations, coherently, retaining their relative phase. This architecture offers many significant advantages over conventional all-linearly-polarized SARs. This paper reviews those advantages, summarizes key attributes of hybrid-polarity dual- and quadrature-polarized SARs including conditions under which the signal-to-noise ratio is conserved, and describes the evolution of this architecture from first principles. @INPROCEEDINGS{Raney2009:DESDynIHybridPolaritySAR, author={Raney, R.K.}, booktitle={Radar Conference, 2009 IEEE}, title={{DESDynI} adopts hybrid polarity {SAR} architecture}, year={2009}, month=may, volume={}, number={}, pages={1-4}, abstract={DESDynl-Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice-is one of the first-tier missions recommended in The National Research Council's Earth Science 2007 Decadal Survey. DESDynI's L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is designed to measure terrain surface deformation and forest biomass, hence its quadrature-polarimetric SAR mode. The objective to provide quantitative information on a global scale imposes severe requirements on the radar to maximize coverage and to sustain reliable operational calibration. These requirements are best served by the hybrid-polarity architecture, in which the radar transmits in circular polarization, and receives on two orthogonal linear polarizations, coherently, retaining their relative phase. This architecture offers many significant advantages over conventional all-linearly-polarized SARs. This paper reviews those advantages, summarizes key attributes of hybrid-polarity dual- and quadrature-polarized SARs including conditions under which the signal-to-noise ratio is conserved, and describes the evolution of this architecture from first principles.}, keywords={DESDynI mission;L-band synthetic aperture radar;The National Research Council's Earth Science 2007 Decadal Survey;circular polarization;forest biomass;hybrid-polarity dual-polarised SAR;quadrature-polarimetric SAR mode;terrain surface deformation;polarisation;synthetic aperture radar;}, doi={10.1109/RADAR.2009.4977046}, ISSN={1097-5659}, } -
Stefano Tebaldini and Fabio Rocca.
On the impact of propagation disturbances on SAR Tomography: Analysis and compensation.
In IEEE Radar Conference,
pages 1--6,
4-8 May 2009.
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography,.Abstract: This paper is meant to discuss the role of propagation disturbances, such as those due to atmospheric disturbances or to residual platform motion, in SAR Tomography applications. It will be shown that phase stability requirements vary as a function of the number of targets within the system resolution cell, from which it follows that SAR Tomography applications require a higher phase stability, or a more accurate phase calibration, with respect to SAR Interferometry. Phase calibration will be discussed by comparing two approaches. The first is the traditional approach from Permanent Scatterers Interferometry, based on the assumption that it is possible to find stable targets in the imaged scene. The second is a new technique based on the Sum of Kronecker Products Decomposition, recently introduced in literature, which allows to isolate ground and volume contributions within the data provided the availability of multi-polarimetric acquisitions. As such, the latter approach is suited to carry out phase calibration in presence of volume scattering, as it is the case of forested areas. Experimental results will be provided basing on the analysis of the P-Band data-set relative to the forest site of Remningstorp, Sweden. @INPROCEEDINGS{tebaldiniRoccaRADARConf2009:TomoPropgationDisturbance, author = {Tebaldini, Stefano and Rocca, Fabio}, title = {On the impact of propagation disturbances on {SAR} Tomography: Analysis and compensation}, booktitle = {IEEE Radar Conference}, year = {2009}, pages = {1--6}, month = {4-8 May}, abstract = {This paper is meant to discuss the role of propagation disturbances, such as those due to atmospheric disturbances or to residual platform motion, in SAR Tomography applications. It will be shown that phase stability requirements vary as a function of the number of targets within the system resolution cell, from which it follows that SAR Tomography applications require a higher phase stability, or a more accurate phase calibration, with respect to SAR Interferometry. Phase calibration will be discussed by comparing two approaches. The first is the traditional approach from Permanent Scatterers Interferometry, based on the assumption that it is possible to find stable targets in the imaged scene. The second is a new technique based on the Sum of Kronecker Products Decomposition, recently introduced in literature, which allows to isolate ground and volume contributions within the data provided the availability of multi-polarimetric acquisitions. As such, the latter approach is suited to carry out phase calibration in presence of volume scattering, as it is the case of forested areas. Experimental results will be provided basing on the analysis of the P-Band data-set relative to the forest site of Remningstorp, Sweden.}, doi = {10.1109/RADAR.2009.4976991}, keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography,}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/tebaldiniRoccaRADARConf2009.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=04976991} } -
Stefano Tebaldini and Fabio Rocca.
Polarimetric Options for SAR Tomography of Forested Areas.
In Proc. of PolInSAR - 4th Int. Workshop on Science and Applications of SAR Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry,
Frascati, Italy,
January 2009.
ESA SP-668.
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, E-SAR, P-Band.Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the potentialities of SAR Tomography to infer information about the vertical structure of forested areas, basing on the availability of either multi-polarimetric or single-polarimetric data. The core of the analysis is represented by a model of the second order statistics of the multi-baseline, multi-polarimetric data that describes the imaged scene as the superposition of two distributed scattering mechanisms. In this framework, the well posing of the Tomographic problem can be discussed in a simple fashion, by considering the number of equations that arise from the data-set with respect to the number of the unknowns required to solve the model. As a result, it follows that through the exploitation of strongly structured models the vertical structure can be retrieved basing on single-polarimetric data as well, provided that a sufficient number of baselines is available. Still, the availability of multi-polarimetric and multi-baseline data offers the possibility to face the problem of the retrieval of the vertical structure of each scattering mechanism from a very general point of view, allowing to relax many of the assumptions that are otherwise mandatory. In other words, the availability of multipolarimetric data makes it possible to exploit not only model based approaches, but also model free, and hybrid approaches. As a result of this analysis, a new general methodology will be presented for the processing of multi-polarimetric and multibaseline data, that is consistent the inversion procedures usually exploited in single-baseline PolInSAR in the case where only single baseline data are available. Experimental results will be shown basing on a data-set of 9 P-Band SAR images of the forest site of Remningstorp, Sweden, acquired under the framework of the ESA campaign BioSAR 2007. @INPROCEEDINGS{tebaldiniRocca2009PolInSAR:Tomo, author = {Stefano Tebaldini and Fabio Rocca}, title = {Polarimetric Options for SAR Tomography of Forested Areas}, booktitle = {Proc. of PolInSAR - 4th Int. Workshop on Science and Applications of SAR Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry}, year = {2009}, address = {Frascati, Italy}, month = {jan}, organization = {ESA SP-668}, abstract = {The aim of this paper is to discuss the potentialities of SAR Tomography to infer information about the vertical structure of forested areas, basing on the availability of either multi-polarimetric or single-polarimetric data. The core of the analysis is represented by a model of the second order statistics of the multi-baseline, multi-polarimetric data that describes the imaged scene as the superposition of two distributed scattering mechanisms. In this framework, the well posing of the Tomographic problem can be discussed in a simple fashion, by considering the number of equations that arise from the data-set with respect to the number of the unknowns required to solve the model. As a result, it follows that through the exploitation of strongly structured models the vertical structure can be retrieved basing on single-polarimetric data as well, provided that a sufficient number of baselines is available. Still, the availability of multi-polarimetric and multi-baseline data offers the possibility to face the problem of the retrieval of the vertical structure of each scattering mechanism from a very general point of view, allowing to relax many of the assumptions that are otherwise mandatory. In other words, the availability of multipolarimetric data makes it possible to exploit not only model based approaches, but also model free, and hybrid approaches. As a result of this analysis, a new general methodology will be presented for the processing of multi-polarimetric and multibaseline data, that is consistent the inversion procedures usually exploited in single-baseline PolInSAR in the case where only single baseline data are available. Experimental results will be shown basing on a data-set of 9 P-Band SAR images of the forest site of Remningstorp, Sweden, acquired under the framework of the ESA campaign BioSAR 2007.}, keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, E-SAR, P-Band}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/tebaldiniRoccaGuarnieri2008.pdf}, url = {http://earth.esa.int/workshops/polinsar2009/participants/255/paper_255_s14_2te.pdf} } -
Ping Zhang,
Jian Shang,
and Ruliang Yang.
A New algorithm improving SAR resolution based on SVA.
In Radar Conference, 2009 IET International,
pages 1-4,
20-22 2009.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Apodization, Spatially Variant Apodization, SVA.Abstract: Resolution enhancement techniques in radar imaging have attracted considerable interest in recent years. The paper develops a new technique enhancing SAR resolution as well as suppressing sidelobes based on SVA technique. Spatially variant apodization (SVA) is a nonlinear sidelobe reduction method without lose the resolution of mainlobe. The signal bandwidth is extrapolated after SVA, which is the basis of resolution enhancement. An inverse weight function is used to equalize the SVA spectrum. A modified noninteger Nyquist spatially variant apodization (SVA) formulation is used to suppress sidelobes after extrapolation. Examples of 1D case and 2D case demonstrate enhanced image resolution with sidelobe reduction. @INPROCEEDINGS{zhangShangYang2009:SpatiallyVariantApodization, author = {Ping Zhang and Jian Shang and Ruliang Yang}, title = {A New algorithm improving {SAR} resolution based on {SVA}}, booktitle = {Radar Conference, 2009 IET International}, year = {2009}, pages = {1-4}, month = {20-22}, abstract = {Resolution enhancement techniques in radar imaging have attracted considerable interest in recent years. The paper develops a new technique enhancing SAR resolution as well as suppressing sidelobes based on SVA technique. Spatially variant apodization (SVA) is a nonlinear sidelobe reduction method without lose the resolution of mainlobe. The signal bandwidth is extrapolated after SVA, which is the basis of resolution enhancement. An inverse weight function is used to equalize the SVA spectrum. A modified noninteger Nyquist spatially variant apodization (SVA) formulation is used to suppress sidelobes after extrapolation. Examples of 1D case and 2D case demonstrate enhanced image resolution with sidelobe reduction.}, issn = {0537-9989}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Apodization, Spatially Variant Apodization, SVA} } -
Xiao Xiang Zhu,
Nico Adam,
Ramon Brcic,
and Richard Bamler.
Space-borne high resolution SAR tomography: experiments in urban environment using TS-X Data.
In Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009 Joint,
pages 1--8,
20-22 May 2009.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Xiao2009, author = {Xiao Xiang Zhu, and Adam, Nico and Brcic, Ramon and Bamler, Richard}, title = {Space-borne high resolution SAR tomography: experiments in urban environment using TS-X Data}, booktitle = {Urban Remote Sensing Event, 2009 Joint}, year = {2009}, pages = {1--8}, month = {20-22 May}, doi = {10.1109/URS.2009.5137534}, owner = {ofrey}, timestamp = {2009.07.01} }
Internal reports
-
Report of the DESDynI Applications Workshop.
Technical report,
Version 1,
April 2009.
Keywords: DESDynI mission, BIOMASS mission, Earth explorer core mission candidate, P-band, forest area, forest biomass, forest disturbances, global maps, synthetic aperture radar, terrestrial carbon cycle, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, DESDynl mission, Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice, Earth Science Decadal Survey, National Research Council, biomass estimation, carbon cycle, cryosphere objectives, ecosystem function, integrated L-band InSAR, multibeam Lidar mission, solid Earth surface deformation, surface elevation changes, topography measure, vegetation structure, deformation, optical radar, radar interferometry, remote sensing by radar, topography (Earth), vegetation.@TECHREPORT{DESDynIApplicationsWorkshopReport, title={Report of the {DESDynI} Applications Workshop}, month = apr, year = 2009, address = {Version 1}, keywords={DESDynI mission, BIOMASS mission;Earth explorer core mission candidate;P-band;forest area;forest biomass;forest disturbances;global maps;synthetic aperture radar;terrestrial carbon cycle;remote sensing by radar;spaceborne radar; DESDynl mission; Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice;Earth Science Decadal Survey; National Research Council;biomass estimation;carbon cycle;cryosphere objectives; ecosystem function;integrated L-band InSAR;multibeam Lidar mission;solid Earth surface deformation; surface elevation changes;topography measure;vegetation structure;deformation; optical radar;radar interferometry;remote sensing by radar;topography (Earth);vegetation}, }
Miscellaneous
-
PolInSAR 2009 Sorted Recommendations,
January 2009.
@MISC{PolInSAR2009SortedRecommendations, title = {{PolInSAR} 2009 Sorted Recommendations}, year = {2009}, address = {Frascati, Italy}, month = jan, organization = {ESA}, url = {http://earth.esa.int/workshops/polinsar2009/POLInSAR2009_sorted_rec.pdf}, } -
A. Colettaa,
D. De Lisle,
A. Moreira,
A. Freeman,
M. Shimada,
T. Ainsworth,
Konstatinos Papathanassiou,
S. R. Cloude,
P. Dubois-Fernandez,
P. Lombardo,
G. Trianni,
K. Raney,
A. Minchella,
F. Charbonneau,
L. Ferro-Famil,
D. Floricioiu,
S. Lehner,
Irena Hajnsek,
Ridha Touzi,
Wolfgang Martin Boerner,
Eric Pottier,
and Fabio Rocca.
Summaries and Recommendations of the POLInSAR 2009 Workshop,
January 2009.
@MISC{PolInSAR2009Recommendations, author = {A. Colettaa and De Lisle, D. and A. Moreira and A. Freeman and M. Shimada and T. Ainsworth and Konstatinos Papathanassiou and S. R. Cloude and P. Dubois-Fernandez and P. Lombardo and G. Trianni and K. Raney and A. Minchella and F. Charbonneau and L. Ferro-Famil and D. Floricioiu and S. Lehner and Irena Hajnsek and Ridha Touzi and Wolfgang Martin Boerner and Eric Pottier and Fabio Rocca}, title = {Summaries and Recommendations of the POLInSAR 2009 Workshop}, year = {2009}, address = {Frascati, Italy}, month = jan, organization = {ESA}, }
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This collection of SAR literature is far from being complete.
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Last modified: Wed Sep 8 19:32:46 2010
Author: Othmar Frey , Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL), University of Zurich, Switzerland .
This document was translated from BibTEX by bibtex2html