|
BACK TO INDEX Publications of year 1996 Books and proceedings
|
| Abstract: | After a short introduction to the principles of SAR speckle generation and its statistical properties, we give a review of different speckle simulation methods described in literature. Then, the implementation of some selected algorithms is described, and their performance is tested on simulated ERS-1 images. Special attention is paid to the modeling of multiple looks, and the differences between image pixel size and original radar ground resolution. A chi-square distribution and a Rayleigh distribution with multiple file averaging were found to produce the most realistic results. |
@ARTICLE{BoltGelaLeb96:specklesim,
author = {Regine Bolter and Margrit Gelautz and Franz Leberl},
title = {{SAR Speckle Simulation}},
journal = {International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {21},
pages = {20-25},
abstract = {After a short introduction to the principles of SAR speckle generation and its statistical properties, we give a review of different speckle simulation methods described in literature. Then, the implementation of some selected algorithms is described, and their performance is tested on simulated ERS-1 images. Special attention is paid to the modeling of multiple looks, and the differences between image pixel size and original radar ground resolution. A chi-square distribution and a Rayleigh distribution with multiple file averaging were found to produce the most realistic results.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Simulation, Speckle, Speckle Simulation},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/BoltGelaLLeberl96.pdf},
url = {http://www.icg.tu-graz.ac.at/bolter96/isprs96.pdf}
}
Keywords: S-matrix theory, backscatter, covariance matrices, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, geophysical signal processing, matrix decomposition, radar cross-sections, radar imaging, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, reviews, Mueller matrix, Stokes vector, backscatter, coherency matrix, coherent decomposition, covariance matrix, eigenvector analysis, radar polarimetry, scattering matrix, target decomposition theorems, terrain, transformation theory.
| Abstract: | In this paper, we provide a review of the different approaches used for target decomposition theory in radar polarimetry. We classify three main types of theorem; those based on the Mueller matrix and Stokes vector, those using an eigenvector analysis of the covariance or coherency matrix, and those employing coherent decomposition of the scattering matrix. We unify the formulation of these different approaches using transformation theory and an eigenvector analysis. We show how special forms of these decompositions apply for the important case of backscatter from terrain with generic symmetries |
@ARTICLE{cloudePottier1996:ReviewOfPolSARDecomp,
author = {Cloude, Shane R. and Pottier, Eric},
title = {A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {34},
pages = {498-518},
number = {2},
month = mar,
abstract = {In this paper, we provide a review of the different approaches used for target decomposition theory in radar polarimetry. We classify three main types of theorem; those based on the Mueller matrix and Stokes vector, those using an eigenvector analysis of the covariance or coherency matrix, and those employing coherent decomposition of the scattering matrix. We unify the formulation of these different approaches using transformation theory and an eigenvector analysis. We show how special forms of these decompositions apply for the important case of backscatter from terrain with generic symmetries},
doi = {10.1109/36.485127},
issn = {0196-2892},
keywords = {S-matrix theory, backscatter, covariance matrices, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, geophysical signal processing, matrix decomposition, radar cross-sections, radar imaging, radar polarimetry, remote sensing by radar, reviews, Mueller matrix, Stokes vector, backscatter, coherency matrix, coherent decomposition, covariance matrix, eigenvector analysis, radar polarimetry, scattering matrix, target decomposition theorems, terrain, transformation theory},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/cloudePottier1996.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=485127&isnumber=10355}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, C-band, L-band, chirp scaling algorithm, image degradations, image formation, nonlinear FM chirp scaling, phase modulation, range-variant filtering, resolution width, secondary range compression, sidelobe level, squint mode SAR data, FM radar, data compression, filtering theory, image resolution, phase modulation, radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar;.
| Abstract: | Image formation from squint mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is limited by image degradations caused by neglecting the range-variant filtering required by secondary range compression (SRC). Introduced here is a nonlinear FM chirp scaling, an extension of the chirp scaling algorithm, as an efficient and accurate approach to range variant SRC. Two methods of implementing the approach are described. The nonlinear FM filtering method is more accurate but adds a filtering step to the chirp scaling algorithm, although the extra computation is less than that of a time domain residual compression filter. The nonlinear FM pulse method consists of changing the phase modulation of the transmitted pulse, thus avoiding an increase in computation. Simulations show both methods significantly improve resolution width and sidelobe level, compared with existing SAR processors for squint angles above 10 deg for L-band and 20 deg for C-band. |
@ARTICLE{DavidsonCummingIto1996:ChirpScalingForHigherSquint,
author={Davidson, G.W. and Cumming, Ian G. and Ito, M.R.},
journal=IEEE_J_AES,
title={A chirp scaling approach for processing squint mode {SAR} data},
year={1996},
month=jan,
volume={32},
number={1},
pages={121-133},
abstract={Image formation from squint mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is limited by image degradations caused by neglecting the range-variant filtering required by secondary range compression (SRC). Introduced here is a nonlinear FM chirp scaling, an extension of the chirp scaling algorithm, as an efficient and accurate approach to range variant SRC. Two methods of implementing the approach are described. The nonlinear FM filtering method is more accurate but adds a filtering step to the chirp scaling algorithm, although the extra computation is less than that of a time domain residual compression filter. The nonlinear FM pulse method consists of changing the phase modulation of the transmitted pulse, thus avoiding an increase in computation. Simulations show both methods significantly improve resolution width and sidelobe level, compared with existing SAR processors for squint angles above 10 deg for L-band and 20 deg for C-band.},
keywords={SAR Processing, C-band;L-band;chirp scaling algorithm;image degradations;image formation;nonlinear FM chirp scaling;phase modulation;range-variant filtering;resolution width;secondary range compression;sidelobe level;squint mode SAR data;FM radar;data compression;filtering theory;image resolution;phase modulation;radar imaging;synthetic aperture radar;},
doi={10.1109/7.481254},
ISSN={0018-9251},
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Doppler Centroid, Doppler Centroid Estimation, Clutterlock, ScanSAR, SIR-C, ERS.
| Abstract: | This paper presents a new range and Doppler centroid estimation algorithm for a ScanSAR system. This algorithm is based on processing the image data in the overlapped region of two bursts of the same beam or adjacent beams. It leads to highly accurate radar pointing angles that are paramount to achieving good radiometric performance in ScanSAR imagery. The achievable accuracy is derived theoretically and verified by tests performed using SIR-C ScanSAR data and ERS data. This algorithm is computationally efficient and easy to implement. The proposed Doppler centroid estimation algorithm is also an excellent candidate for a strip mode SAR system. |
@ARTICLE{Jin96:Doppler,
author = {Michael Y. Jin },
title = {{Optimal Range and Doppler Centroid Estimation for a ScanSAR System}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {34},
pages = {479-488},
number = {2},
month = March,
abstract = {This paper presents a new range and Doppler centroid estimation algorithm for a ScanSAR system. This algorithm is based on processing the image data in the overlapped region of two bursts of the same beam or adjacent beams. It leads to highly accurate radar pointing angles that are paramount to achieving good radiometric performance in ScanSAR imagery. The achievable accuracy is derived theoretically and verified by tests performed using SIR-C ScanSAR data and ERS data. This algorithm is computationally efficient and easy to implement. The proposed Doppler centroid estimation algorithm is also an excellent candidate for a strip mode SAR system.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Doppler Centroid, Doppler Centroid Estimation, Clutterlock, ScanSAR, SIR-C, ERS},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/jin96.pdf}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Interferometry, Residual Azimuth Compression, Coherence Improvement.
| Abstract: | The focusing quality of a SAR processor greatly depends on the accuracy of the system geometry estimate. Sometimes ancillary data do not provide enough accuracy, therefore autofocusing has to be performed to get the finest quality possible. A residual azimuth compression is introduced to show how a defocused image can be compensated by means of a monodimensional local operator. The residual transfer function that generates defocusing is then derived. The effects of the defocusing are shown on both a complex single SAR image and a SAR interferogram. SAR interferograms, however, are much more sensitive to defocusing than the single SAR image. Two algorithms have been developed to estimate, and compensate for, the defocusing in both the single SAR image and SAR interferometric cases. The processors select data suitable for estimating focusing parameters from the whole images by exploring Kurtosis (for single image focusing) or coherence (for interferometric autofocusing). The residual, short time-domain operator is then exploited to retrieve the focusing parameter values and, finally, to get the focused image. The limitations and accuracy of the algorithm in terms of parameter estimation are investigated. Experimental results, obtained from different SAR missions, are presented |
@ARTICLE{monti:resSARfoc,
author = {Andrea Monti-Guarnieri},
title = {{Residual SAR Focusing: An Application to Coherence Improvement}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {34},
pages = {201-211},
number = {1},
month = Jan,
abstract = {The focusing quality of a SAR processor greatly depends on the accuracy of the system geometry estimate. Sometimes ancillary data do not provide enough accuracy, therefore autofocusing has to be performed to get the finest quality possible. A residual azimuth compression is introduced to show how a defocused image can be compensated by means of a monodimensional local operator. The residual transfer function that generates defocusing is then derived. The effects of the defocusing are shown on both a complex single SAR image and a SAR interferogram. SAR interferograms, however, are much more sensitive to defocusing than the single SAR image. Two algorithms have been developed to estimate, and compensate for, the defocusing in both the single SAR image and SAR interferometric cases. The processors select data suitable for estimating focusing parameters from the whole images by exploring Kurtosis (for single image focusing) or coherence (for interferometric autofocusing). The residual, short time-domain operator is then exploited to retrieve the focusing parameter values and, finally, to get the focused image. The limitations and accuracy of the algorithm in terms of parameter estimation are investigated. Experimental results, obtained from different SAR missions, are presented},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Interferometry, Residual Azimuth Compression, Coherence Improvement},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/monti96.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/36/10297/00481904.pdf}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, Extended Chirp Scaling Algorithm, Spaceborne SAR, Airborne SAR, ScanSAR, Automatic Azimuth Coregistration, Azimuth Scaling, Squinted SAR, Interferometry, Phase-Preserving Processing, Range Scaling Formulation, Stripmap SAR, Subaperture Processing, Terrain Mapping.
| Abstract: | This paper resents a generalized formulation of the extended chirp scaling (ECS) approach for high precision processing of air- and spaceborne SAR data. Based on the original chirp scaling function, the ECS algorithm incorporates a new azimuth scaling function and a subaperture approach, which allow an effective phase-preserving processing of ScanSAR data without interpolation for azimuth geometric correction. The azimuth scaling can also be used for automatic azimuth coregistration of interferometric image pairs which are acquired with different sampling distances. Additionally, a novel range scaling formulation is proposed for automatic range coregistration of interferometric image pairs or for improved robustness for the processing of highly squinted data. Several simulation and processing results of air- and spaceborne SAR data are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithms |
@ARTICLE{moreiraMittermayerScheiber96:Extended,
author = {Alberto Moreira and Josef Mittermayer and Rolf Scheiber},
title = {{Extended Chirp Scaling Algorithm for Air- and Spaceborne SAR Data Processing in Stripmap and ScanSAR Imaging Modes}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {34},
pages = {1123-1136},
number = {5},
month = {Sept.},
abstract = {This paper resents a generalized formulation of the extended chirp scaling (ECS) approach for high precision processing of air- and spaceborne SAR data. Based on the original chirp scaling function, the ECS algorithm incorporates a new azimuth scaling function and a subaperture approach, which allow an effective phase-preserving processing of ScanSAR data without interpolation for azimuth geometric correction. The azimuth scaling can also be used for automatic azimuth coregistration of interferometric image pairs which are acquired with different sampling distances. Additionally, a novel range scaling formulation is proposed for automatic range coregistration of interferometric image pairs or for improved robustness for the processing of highly squinted data. Several simulation and processing results of air- and spaceborne SAR data are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithms},
comment = {+ "very implementable"},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, Extended Chirp Scaling Algorithm, Spaceborne SAR, Airborne SAR, ScanSAR, Automatic Azimuth Coregistration, Azimuth Scaling, Squinted SAR, Interferometry, Phase-Preserving Processing, Range Scaling Formulation, Stripmap SAR, Subaperture Processing, Terrain Mapping},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/moreiraMittermayerScheiber96.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/36/11515/00536528.pdf}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Non-Linear Flight Path, Fourier analysis, Fourier transforms, Green's function methods, image reconstruction, image resolution, inverse problems, radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar, Fourier analysis, Green's function, SAR data inversion, SAR system, aspect angle, circular flight path, full rotation, ground penetrating UHF radar signature, image resolution, imaging system, partial segment, reconnaissance, reconstruction algorithm, simulated target, slant plane circular SAR imaging, slant plane data, slant plane linear SAR, synthetic aperture radar, target scene, three-dimensional imaging, ultrawideband foliage penetrating radar signature.
| Abstract: | This paper presents a method for imaging from the slant plane data collected by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) over the full rotation or a partial segment of a circular flight path. A Fourier analysis for the Green's function of the imaging system is provided. This analysis is the basis of an inversion for slant plane circular SAR data. The reconstruction algorithm and resolution for this SAR system are outlined. It is shown that the slant plane circular SAR, unlike the slant plane linear SAR, has the capability to extract three-dimensional imaging information of a target scene. The merits of the algorithm are demonstrated via a simulated target whose ultra wideband foliage penetrating (FOPEN) or ground penetrating (GPEN) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radar signature varies with the radar's aspect angle |
@ARTICLE{Soumekh1996,
author = {Soumekh, M.},
title = {Reconnaissance with slant plane circular SAR imaging},
journal = {Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
year = {1996},
volume = {5},
pages = {1252--1265},
number = {8},
abstract = {This paper presents a method for imaging from the slant plane data collected by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) over the full rotation or a partial segment of a circular flight path. A Fourier analysis for the Green's function of the imaging system is provided. This analysis is the basis of an inversion for slant plane circular SAR data. The reconstruction algorithm and resolution for this SAR system are outlined. It is shown that the slant plane circular SAR, unlike the slant plane linear SAR, has the capability to extract three-dimensional imaging information of a target scene. The merits of the algorithm are demonstrated via a simulated target whose ultra wideband foliage penetrating (FOPEN) or ground penetrating (GPEN) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radar signature varies with the radar's aspect angle},
booktitle = {Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on},
issn = {1057-7149},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Non-Linear Flight Path, Fourier analysis, Fourier transforms, Green's function methods, image reconstruction, image resolution, inverse problems, radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar, Fourier analysis, Green's function, SAR data inversion, SAR system, aspect angle, circular flight path, full rotation, ground penetrating UHF radar signature, image resolution, imaging system, partial segment, reconnaissance, reconstruction algorithm, simulated target, slant plane circular SAR imaging, slant plane data, slant plane linear SAR, synthetic aperture radar, target scene, three-dimensional imaging, ultrawideband foliage penetrating radar signature},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/soumekh1996.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/83/11100/00506760.pdf}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, InSAR, Interferometry, Vegetation Parameters, Parameter Extraction, Topography, SAR Tomography.
| Abstract: | This paper formulates and demonstrates methods for extracting vegetation characteristics and underlying ground surface topography from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) data. The electromagnetic scattering and radar processing, which produce the INSAR observations, are modeled, vegetation and topographic parameters are identified for estimation, the parameter errors are assessed in terms of INSAR instrumental performance, and the parameter estimation is demonstrated on INSAR data and compared to ground truth. The fundamental observations from which vegetation and surface topographic parameters are estimated are (1) the cross-correlation amplitude, (2) the cross-correlation phase, and (3) the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscattered power. A calculation based on scattering from vegetation treated as a random medium, including the effects of refractivity and absorption in the vegetation, yields expressions for the complex cross correlation and backscattered power in terms of vegetation characteristics. These expressions lead to the identification of a minimal set of four parameters describing the vegetation and surface topography: (1) the vegetation layer depth, (2) the vegetation extinction coefficient (power loss per unit length), (3) a parameter involving the product of the average backscattering amplitude and scatterer number density, and (4) the height of the underlying ground surface. The accuracy of vegetation and ground surface parameters, as a function of INSAR observation accuracy, is evaluated for aircraft INSAR, which is characterized by a 2.5 m baseline, an altitude of about 8 km, and a wavelength of 5.6 cm. It is found that for ~0.5 0x1.57b4cffcd5138p-895ccuracy in the INSAR normalized cross-correlation amplitude and ~5° accuracy in the interferometric phase, few-meter vegetation layer depths and ground surface heights can be determined from INSAR for many types of vegetation layers. With the same observational accuracies, extinction coefficients can be estimated at the 0.1-dB/m level. Because the number of parameters exceeds the number of observations for current INSAR data sets, external extinction coefficient data are used to demonstrate the estimation of the vegetation layer depth and ground surface height from INSAR data taken at the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest in Alaska. This demonstration shows approximately 5 m average ground truth agreement for vegetation layer depths and ground-surface heights, with a clear dependence of error on stand height. These errors suggest refinements in INSAR data acquisition and analysis techniques which will potentially yield few-meter accuracies. The information in the INSAR parameters is applicable to a variety of ecological modeling issues including the successional modeling of forested ecosystems. |
@ARTICLE{treuhaftMadsenMoghaddamVanZyl96:.pdf,
author = {Robert N. Treuhaft and S{\o}ren N. Madsen and Mahta Moghaddam and Jakob J. van Zyl},
title = {{Vegetation characteristics and underlying topography from interferometric radar}},
journal = {Radio Science},
year = {1996},
volume = {31},
pages = {1449-1485},
number = {6},
abstract = {This paper formulates and demonstrates methods for extracting vegetation characteristics and underlying ground surface topography from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (INSAR) data. The electromagnetic scattering and radar processing, which produce the INSAR observations, are modeled, vegetation and topographic parameters are identified for estimation, the parameter errors are assessed in terms of INSAR instrumental performance, and the parameter estimation is demonstrated on INSAR data and compared to ground truth. The fundamental observations from which vegetation and surface topographic parameters are estimated are (1) the cross-correlation amplitude, (2) the cross-correlation phase, and (3) the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscattered power. A calculation based on scattering from vegetation treated as a random medium, including the effects of refractivity and absorption in the vegetation, yields expressions for the complex cross correlation and backscattered power in terms of vegetation characteristics. These expressions lead to the identification of a minimal set of four parameters describing the vegetation and surface topography: (1) the vegetation layer depth, (2) the vegetation extinction coefficient (power loss per unit length), (3) a parameter involving the product of the average backscattering amplitude and scatterer number density, and (4) the height of the underlying ground surface. The accuracy of vegetation and ground surface parameters, as a function of INSAR observation accuracy, is evaluated for aircraft INSAR, which is characterized by a 2.5 m baseline, an altitude of about 8 km, and a wavelength of 5.6 cm. It is found that for ~0.5 0x1.57b4cffcd5138p-895ccuracy in the INSAR normalized cross-correlation amplitude and ~5° accuracy in the interferometric phase, few-meter vegetation layer depths and ground surface heights can be determined from INSAR for many types of vegetation layers. With the same observational accuracies, extinction coefficients can be estimated at the 0.1-dB/m level. Because the number of parameters exceeds the number of observations for current INSAR data sets, external extinction coefficient data are used to demonstrate the estimation of the vegetation layer depth and ground surface height from INSAR data taken at the Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest in Alaska. This demonstration shows approximately 5 m average ground truth agreement for vegetation layer depths and ground-surface heights, with a clear dependence of error on stand height. These errors suggest refinements in INSAR data acquisition and analysis techniques which will potentially yield few-meter accuracies. The information in the INSAR parameters is applicable to a variety of ecological modeling issues including the successional modeling of forested ecosystems.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, InSAR, Interferometry, Vegetation Parameters, Parameter Extraction, Topography, SAR Tomography},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/treuhaftMadsenMoghaddamVanZyl96.pdf}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Radiometric Correction, Topography, geophysical techniques, radar imaging, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, SAR, algorithm, calibration equation, fringe frequencies, geophysical measurement technique, land surface, maximum-likelihood estimator, radar imaging, radar remote sensing, radiometric slope correction, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar image, terrain mapping, topographic height variation.
| Abstract: | The brightness in a SAR image is affected by topographic height |
@ARTICLE{Ulander96:RadiometricSlopeCorection,
author = {Ulander, Lars M. H.},
title = {{Radiometric slope correction of synthetic-aperture radar images}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {34},
pages = {1115--1122},
number = {5},
abstract = {The brightness in a SAR image is affected by topographic height},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Radiometric Correction, Topography, geophysical techniques, radar imaging, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, SAR, algorithm, calibration equation, fringe frequencies, geophysical measurement technique, land surface, maximum-likelihood estimator, radar imaging, radar remote sensing, radiometric slope correction, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar image, terrain mapping, topographic height variation},
owner = {ofrey},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/Ulander96.pdf},
url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/36/11515/00536527.pdf}
}
Keywords: SAR Processing, Doppler Centroid, Doppler Centroid Estimation, Multilook Cross Correlation, MLCC, Multilook Beat Frequency, MLBF, Clutterlock, Doppler Ambiguity Resolver, DAR.
| Abstract: | This paper describes a complete end-to-end Doppler centroid estimation scheme, which determines the fractional PRF part of the Doppler centroid. It also resolves the Doppler ambiguity. Experiments show that the scheme works successfully over various terrain types, including land, water, and ice, and that it requires only a modest amount of SAR data to perform reliably. The proposed scheme has an added advantage that it is directly applicable to RADARSAT and ENVISAT ScanSAR data. The scheme uses two complementary Doppler estimation algorithms, both utilizing the phase information embedded in the radar signal. In each algorithm, upper and lower parts of the available bandwidth of the received signal are extracted to form two range looks. The first algorithm, called multilook cross correlation (MLCC), computes the average cross correlation coefficient between adjacent azimuth samples for each of the two looks and then takes the difference between the angles of the two coefficients. The Doppler ambiguity is determined from the angle difference. The fractional pulse repetition frequency (PRF) part is also determined from the cross correlation coefficients. In the second algorithm, called multilook beat frequency (MLBF), the two looks are multiplied together to generate a beat signal. The beat frequency is then estimated and the Doppler ambiguity determined from the beat frequency. The MLCC algorithm performs better with low contrast scenes while the MLBF works better with high contrast ones. Although each algorithm works well on its own with sufficient averaging, it is also possible to use quality measures to select the best result from either algorithm. In this way, scenes of different content or contrast can be handled reliably. This paper presents the analysis of the two algorithms, explaining why their performance is affected by scene contrast, which is confirmed by experimental results with ERS-1 and JERS-1 data. |
@ARTICLE{wongCum:DopCentrEstim,
author = {Frank Wong and Ian G. Cumming},
title = {{A Combined SAR Doppler Centroid Estimation Scheme Based Upon Signal Phase}},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
year = {1996},
volume = {34},
pages = {696-707},
number = {3},
month = May,
abstract = {This paper describes a complete end-to-end Doppler centroid estimation scheme, which determines the fractional PRF part of the Doppler centroid. It also resolves the Doppler ambiguity. Experiments show that the scheme works successfully over various terrain types, including land, water, and ice, and that it requires only a modest amount of SAR data to perform reliably. The proposed scheme has an added advantage that it is directly applicable to RADARSAT and ENVISAT ScanSAR data. The scheme uses two complementary Doppler estimation algorithms, both utilizing the phase information embedded in the radar signal. In each algorithm, upper and lower parts of the available bandwidth of the received signal are extracted to form two range looks. The first algorithm, called multilook cross correlation (MLCC), computes the average cross correlation coefficient between adjacent azimuth samples for each of the two looks and then takes the difference between the angles of the two coefficients. The Doppler ambiguity is determined from the angle difference. The fractional pulse repetition frequency (PRF) part is also determined from the cross correlation coefficients. In the second algorithm, called multilook beat frequency (MLBF), the two looks are multiplied together to generate a beat signal. The beat frequency is then estimated and the Doppler ambiguity determined from the beat frequency. The MLCC algorithm performs better with low contrast scenes while the MLBF works better with high contrast ones. Although each algorithm works well on its own with sufficient averaging, it is also possible to use quality measures to select the best result from either algorithm. In this way, scenes of different content or contrast can be handled reliably. This paper presents the analysis of the two algorithms, explaining why their performance is affected by scene contrast, which is confirmed by experimental results with ERS-1 and JERS-1 data.},
comment = {+ Description on how to estimate the Doppler centroid frequency from raw data.},
keywords = {SAR Processing, Doppler Centroid, Doppler Centroid Estimation, Multilook Cross Correlation, MLCC, Multilook Beat Frequency, MLBF, Clutterlock, Doppler Ambiguity Resolver, DAR},
pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/WonCum96.pdf}
}
Conference articles
-
G. Cazzaniga and Andrea Monti-Guarnieri.
Removing RF interferences from P-band airplane SAR data.
In Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1996. IGARSS '96. 'Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future.', International,
volume 3,
pages 1845--1847,
1996.
Keywords: SAR Processing, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, interference, interference (signal), interference filters, notch filters, radar imaging, radar interference, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, MUSIC, P-Band, RFI Suppression, RF interference removal, UHF radar, adaptive signal processing, airborne radar, airborne SAR, geophysical measurement technique, in-phase subtraction, land surface, notch filtering, radar imaging, radar remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar, terrain mapping, urban area.Abstract: This paper approaches the problem of canceling the disturbances due to RF interferences in P-band, airborne SAR missions. Two techniques are introduced: one exploits MUSIC to estimate the interferences' frequencies, and then performs notch filtering at that frequencies; whereas the other adaptively estimate the interference contributions and cancel them by means of in-phase subtraction. Both techniques have been successfully tested on the data acquired by the DLR E-SAR sensor over urban areas. @INPROCEEDINGS{cazzanigaMontiGuarnieri96:RFI, author = {Cazzaniga, G. and Monti-Guarnieri, Andrea}, title = {Removing RF interferences from P-band airplane SAR data}, booktitle = {Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1996. IGARSS '96. 'Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future.', International}, year = {1996}, volume = {3}, pages = {1845--1847}, abstract = {This paper approaches the problem of canceling the disturbances due to RF interferences in P-band, airborne SAR missions. Two techniques are introduced: one exploits MUSIC to estimate the interferences' frequencies, and then performs notch filtering at that frequencies; whereas the other adaptively estimate the interference contributions and cancel them by means of in-phase subtraction. Both techniques have been successfully tested on the data acquired by the DLR E-SAR sensor over urban areas.}, keywords = {SAR Processing, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, interference, interference (signal), interference filters, notch filters, radar imaging, radar interference, remote sensing by radar, synthetic aperture radar, MUSIC, P-Band, RFI Suppression, RF interference removal, UHF radar, adaptive signal processing, airborne radar, airborne SAR, geophysical measurement technique, in-phase subtraction, land surface, notch filtering, radar imaging, radar remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar, terrain mapping, urban area}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/cazzanigaMontiGuarnieri96.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/3772/11018/00516816.pdf} } -
F. Gatelli,
Andrea Monti-Guarnieri,
Claudio Prati,
and Fabio Rocca.
Medium resolution efficient phase preserving focusing for interferometry.
In IGARSS '96, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,
volume 1,
pages 671--673,
1996.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Presumming, Interferometry, geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, image processing, image resolution, radar imaging, radar signal processing, synthetic aperture radar, SAR imagery, SAR interferometry, Unix Workstations, algorithm, coherence map, geophysical measurement technique, geophysics computing, image pair, image processing, image resolution, land surface, medium resolution efficient phase preserving focusing, radar imaging, radar remote sensing, radar signal processing, real time method, strip-map SAR interferogram, synthetic aperture radar, terrain mapping.Abstract: A real time technique to get strip-map SAR interferograms and coherence maps with common Unix Workstations is presented. For the ERS mission, the ?real time? throughput corresponds to approximately 1/8 of PRF: e.g. ~4 min for processing a 100?100 km image pair. The proposed algorithm achieves that goal on a medium cost 160 Mflops/s Unix Workstation. The output is a 5 looks averaged interferogram, with a geometric resolution of 50?50. @INPROCEEDINGS{gatelliMontiGuarnieriPratiRocca96:QuicklookPresumming, author = {Gatelli, F. and Monti-Guarnieri, Andrea and Prati, Claudio and Rocca, Fabio}, title = {Medium resolution efficient phase preserving focusing for interferometry}, booktitle = {IGARSS '96, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium}, year = {1996}, volume = {1}, pages = {671--673}, abstract = {A real time technique to get strip-map SAR interferograms and coherence maps with common Unix Workstations is presented. For the ERS mission, the ?real time? throughput corresponds to approximately 1/8 of PRF: e.g. ~4 min for processing a 100?100 km image pair. The proposed algorithm achieves that goal on a medium cost 160 Mflops/s Unix Workstation. The output is a 5 looks averaged interferogram, with a geometric resolution of 50?50.}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Presumming,Interferometry,geophysical signal processing, geophysical techniques, image processing, image resolution, radar imaging, radar signal processing, synthetic aperture radar, SAR imagery, SAR interferometry, Unix Workstations, algorithm, coherence map, geophysical measurement technique, geophysics computing, image pair, image processing, image resolution, land surface, medium resolution efficient phase preserving focusing, radar imaging, radar remote sensing, radar signal processing, real time method, strip-map SAR interferogram, synthetic aperture radar, terrain mapping}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/gatelliMontiGuarnieriPratiRocca96.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/3772/11016/00516438.pdf} } -
H. Hellsten,
Lars M. H. Ulander,
A. Gustavsson,
and B. Larsson.
Development of VHF CARABAS II SAR.
In Proc. SPIE,
volume 2747,
pages 48-60,
June 1996.
@INPROCEEDINGS{hellstenUlanderGustavsson1996:CARABASII, author = {{Hellsten}, H. and {Ulander}, Lars M. H. and {Gustavsson}, A. and {Larsson}, B.}, title = {Development of {VHF} {CARABAS~II} {SAR}}, booktitle = {Proc. SPIE}, year = 1996, volume = 2747, month = jun, pages = {48-60}, adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System} } -
J. Homer,
I.D. Longstaff,
and G. Callaghan.
High resolution 3-D SAR via multi-baseline interferometry.
In IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS'96,
volume 1,
pages 796--798,
May 1996.
Keywords: SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, geophysical techniques, radar imaging, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, topography (Earth)3D imagery, InSAR, Multi-baseline Interferometry, SAR imaging, azimuth resolving capability, geophysical measurment technique, interferometric SAR, land surface topography, node aperture, normal-to-slant-range direction, procedural outline, radar remote sensing, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, terrain height, terrain mapping, theoretical analysis, three dimensional SAR method.Abstract: The ability of interferometric SAR (InSAR) to provide terrain height estimation can be interpreted as being due to the baseline (of the two SAR imaging flight paths) acting as an aperture in the normal-to-slant-range (n&oarr;) direction. However, the aperture, because it consists of only two nodes, has effectively no resolving power. The authors introduce and examine a technique which synthesises an N>2 node aperture in the n&oarr; direction from N-1 connected baselines. This, together with the slant-range and azimuth resolving capability of SAR imaging systems, enables the generation of high resolution 3D imagery. A theoretical analysis and procedural outline of the proposed technique are presented @INPROCEEDINGS{homerLongstaffCallaghan1996:Tomo, author = {Homer, J. and Longstaff, I.D. and Callaghan, G.}, title = {{High resolution 3-D SAR via multi-baseline interferometry}}, booktitle = {IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS'96}, year = {1996}, volume = {1}, pages = {796--798}, month = {May}, abstract = {The ability of interferometric SAR (InSAR) to provide terrain height estimation can be interpreted as being due to the baseline (of the two SAR imaging flight paths) acting as an aperture in the normal-to-slant-range (n&oarr;) direction. However, the aperture, because it consists of only two nodes, has effectively no resolving power. The authors introduce and examine a technique which synthesises an N>2 node aperture in the n&oarr; direction from N-1 connected baselines. This, together with the slant-range and azimuth resolving capability of SAR imaging systems, enables the generation of high resolution 3D imagery. A theoretical analysis and procedural outline of the proposed technique are presented}, doi = {10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516478}, keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Tomography, Tomography, geophysical techniques, radar imaging, remote sensing by radar, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, topography (Earth)3D imagery, InSAR, Multi-baseline Interferometry, SAR imaging, azimuth resolving capability, geophysical measurment technique, interferometric SAR, land surface topography, node aperture, normal-to-slant-range direction, procedural outline, radar remote sensing, spaceborne radar, synthetic aperture radar, terrain height, terrain mapping, theoretical analysis, three dimensional SAR method}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/homerLongstaffCallaghan1996.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=00516478} } -
Charles V. Jakowatz,
Daniel E. Wahl,
and Paul A. Thompson.
Ambiguity resolution in SAR interferometry by use of three phase centers.
In Edmund G. Zelnio and Robert J. Douglass, editors,
,
volume 2757,
pages 82-91,
1996.
SPIE.
Keywords: SAR Processing, InSAR, SAR Interferometry, multibaseline, Multibaseline InSAR, Three phase centers, Terrain Mapping, Topography, Spotlight SAR, Spotlight-mode data.@conference{jakowatzWahlThompsonAmbiguityResolutionInSARByThreeAntennas, author = {Charles V. Jakowatz, Jr. and Daniel E. Wahl and Paul A. Thompson}, editor = {Edmund G. Zelnio and Robert J. Douglass}, collaboration = {}, title = {Ambiguity resolution in {SAR} interferometry by use of three phase centers}, publisher = {SPIE}, year = {1996}, journal = {Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery III}, volume = {2757}, number = {1}, pages = {82-91}, location = {Orlando, FL, USA}, url = {http://link.aip.org/link/?PSI/2757/82/1}, doi = {10.1117/12.242025}, keywords = {SAR Processing, InSAR, SAR Interferometry, multibaseline, Multibaseline InSAR, Three phase centers, Terrain Mapping, Topography, Spotlight SAR, Spotlight-mode data}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/jakowatzWahlThompsonAmbiguityResolutionInSARByThreeAntennas.pdf}, owner = {ofrey}, } -
Kenneth Knaell.
Three-dimensional SAR from curvilinear apertures.
In Radar Conference, 1996., Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE National,
pages 220--225,
1996.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Non-Linear Flight Path, SAR Tomography, curvilinear SAR, image enhancement, interference suppression, maximum likelihood estimation, radar antennas, radar clutter, radar cross-sections, radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar, IMP algorithm, aperture configuration, artifacts, coherent CLEAN algorithm, curvilinear apertures, dynamic range, image sidelobes, image size, imaging techniques, likelihood extremization, maximum likelihood estimation, scatterers, sidelobe leakage effects, three-dimensional SAR.Abstract: Three-dimensional information content in radar data taken from suitably curved aperture paths is sufficient to allow useful 3D images to be produced by appropriate imaging techniques. The coherent CLEAN algorithm, the IMP algorithm, and maximum likelihood estimation have been used to produce 3D images from data obtained for two such scenarios. The IMP algorithm in conjunction with likelihood extremization produces images free of sidelobe leakage effects found in the CLEAN algorithm. The CLEAN and IMP algorithms find use initiating likelihood extremization on or near its global maximum. Dynamic range of such images appears dependent upon levels at which artifacts appear although valid scatterers are indicated below such levels. Artifacts appear to be a function of the image sidelobes determined by the aperture configuration. Reduction of this problem and methods to increase image size will extend the general usefulness of this technique @INPROCEEDINGS{knaell1996:NonLinearSARTomo, author = {Knaell, Kenneth}, title = {{Three-dimensional SAR from curvilinear apertures}}, booktitle = {Radar Conference, 1996., Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE National}, year = {1996}, pages = {220--225}, abstract = {Three-dimensional information content in radar data taken from suitably curved aperture paths is sufficient to allow useful 3D images to be produced by appropriate imaging techniques. The coherent CLEAN algorithm, the IMP algorithm, and maximum likelihood estimation have been used to produce 3D images from data obtained for two such scenarios. The IMP algorithm in conjunction with likelihood extremization produces images free of sidelobe leakage effects found in the CLEAN algorithm. The CLEAN and IMP algorithms find use initiating likelihood extremization on or near its global maximum. Dynamic range of such images appears dependent upon levels at which artifacts appear although valid scatterers are indicated below such levels. Artifacts appear to be a function of the image sidelobes determined by the aperture configuration. Reduction of this problem and methods to increase image size will extend the general usefulness of this technique}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Non-Linear Flight Path, SAR Tomography, curvilinear SAR, image enhancement, interference suppression, maximum likelihood estimation, radar antennas, radar clutter, radar cross-sections, radar imaging, synthetic aperture radar, IMP algorithm, aperture configuration, artifacts, coherent CLEAN algorithm, curvilinear apertures, dynamic range, image sidelobes, image size, imaging techniques, likelihood extremization, maximum likelihood estimation, scatterers, sidelobe leakage effects, three-dimensional SAR}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/knaell1996.pdf}, timestamp = {2007.11.06}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel3/3738/10936/00510684.pdf} } -
Jung Ah C. Lee,
Orhan Arikan,
and David C. Munson, Jr..
Formulation of a General Imaging Algorithm for High-Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar.
In ICASSP '96, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,
volume 4,
pages 2092-2095,
May 1996.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Backprojection, Convolution Backprojection.Abstract: We consider the application of an alternative imaging algorithm to the inversion of strip-mapping synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The algorithm was originally developed and successfully applied in the area of geophysics to estimate the conductivity distribution from wellbore induction measurements. The SAR measurement relation satisfies the same form of integral equation describing the wellbore problem. By exploiting the form of the measurement kernel, we derive a SAR image formation algorithm involving deconvolution-backprojection. Unlike correlation-based SAR image formation, our approach is more general, without simplifying assumptions on the range function, and is robust to measurement noise, at the expense of increased computational complexity. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. @INPROCEEDINGS{JungArikMuns96:Backproj, author = {Jung Ah C. Lee and Orhan Arikan and David C. {Munson, Jr.}}, title = {{Formulation of a General Imaging Algorithm for High-Resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar}}, booktitle = {ICASSP '96, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing}, year = {1996}, volume = {4}, pages = {2092-2095}, month = May, abstract = {We consider the application of an alternative imaging algorithm to the inversion of strip-mapping synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The algorithm was originally developed and successfully applied in the area of geophysics to estimate the conductivity distribution from wellbore induction measurements. The SAR measurement relation satisfies the same form of integral equation describing the wellbore problem. By exploiting the form of the measurement kernel, we derive a SAR image formation algorithm involving deconvolution-backprojection. Unlike correlation-based SAR image formation, our approach is more general, without simplifying assumptions on the range function, and is robust to measurement noise, at the expense of increased computational complexity. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.}, keywords = {SAR Processing,Backprojection,Convolution Backprojection}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/jungArikanMunson96.pdf} } -
F. Lombardini.
Absolute phase retrieval in a three-element synthetic aperture radar interferometer.
In Radar, 1996. Proceedings., CIE International Conference of,
pages 309--312,
8-10 Oct. 1996.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Lombardini1996, author = {Lombardini, F.}, title = {Absolute phase retrieval in a three-element synthetic aperture radar interferometer}, booktitle = {Radar, 1996. Proceedings., CIE International Conference of}, year = {1996}, pages = {309--312}, month = {8-10 Oct.}, doi = {10.1109/ICR.1996.574449}, owner = {ofrey} } -
F. Lombardini and P. Lombardo.
Maximum likelihood array SAR interferometry.
In Digital Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings, 1996., IEEE,
pages 358--361,
1-4 Sept. 1996.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Lombardini1996a, author = {Lombardini, F. and Lombardo, P.}, title = {Maximum likelihood array SAR interferometry}, booktitle = {Digital Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings, 1996., IEEE}, year = {1996}, pages = {358--361}, month = {1-4 Sept.}, doi = {10.1109/DSPWS.1996.555535}, owner = {ofrey} } -
John W. McCorkle and Martin Rofheart.
Order N^2 log(N) Backprojector Algorithm for Focusing Wide-Angle Wide-Bandwidth Arbitrary-Motion Synthetic Aperture Radar.
In Gerald S. Ustach, editor,
Radar Sensor Technology,
volume SPIE # 2747,
pages 25-36,
1996.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Backprojection, Fast Backprojection, Quadtree Processing, Time Domain Backprojection, Wideband SAR, Focusing, Motion Compensation.Abstract: A new, fast algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation is introduced. The algorithm is based on a decomposition of the time domain backprojection technique. It inherits the primary advantages of time domain backprojection: simple motion compensation, simple and spatially unconstrained propagation velocity compensation, and localized processing artifacts. The computational savings are achieved by using a divide-and-conquer strategy of decomposition, and exploiting spatial redundancy in the resulting sub-problems. The decomposition results in a quadtree data structure that is readily parallelizable and requires only limited interprocessor communications. For a SAR with N aperture points and an N by N image area, the algorithm is seen to achieve O(N^2 logN) complexity. The algorithm allows a direct trade between processing speed and focused image quality. @INPROCEEDINGS{McCorkle:N2logNBackproj, author = {John W. McCorkle and Martin Rofheart}, title = {{Order N^2 log(N) Backprojector Algorithm for Focusing Wide-Angle Wide-Bandwidth Arbitrary-Motion Synthetic Aperture Radar}}, booktitle = {Radar Sensor Technology}, year = {1996}, editor = {Gerald S. Ustach}, volume = SPIE # {2747}, pages = {25-36}, abstract = {A new, fast algorithm for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image formation is introduced. The algorithm is based on a decomposition of the time domain backprojection technique. It inherits the primary advantages of time domain backprojection: simple motion compensation, simple and spatially unconstrained propagation velocity compensation, and localized processing artifacts. The computational savings are achieved by using a divide-and-conquer strategy of decomposition, and exploiting spatial redundancy in the resulting sub-problems. The decomposition results in a quadtree data structure that is readily parallelizable and requires only limited interprocessor communications. For a SAR with N aperture points and an N by N image area, the algorithm is seen to achieve O(N^2 logN) complexity. The algorithm allows a direct trade between processing speed and focused image quality.}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Backprojection, Fast Backprojection, Quadtree Processing, Time Domain Backprojection, Wideband SAR, Focusing, Motion Compensation}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/McCorkleRofheart96.pdf}, url = {http://opac.nebis.ch/ALEPH/2B5BMLRLIMDYIGQHXVPG4ULATX1PC3RPJRTNXXK1NX3B7V8F6F-09023/file/start-ids} } -
B. Walker,
G. Sander,
M. Thompson,
B. Burns,
R. Fellerhoff,
and D. Dubbert.
A high-resolution, four-band SAR Testbed with real-time image formation.
In Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1996. IGARSS '96. 'Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future.', International,
volume 3,
pages 1881--1885vol.3,
27-31 May 1996.
@INPROCEEDINGS{Walker1996, author = {Walker, B. and Sander, G. and Thompson, M. and Burns, B. and Fellerhoff, R. and Dubbert, D.}, title = {A high-resolution, four-band SAR Testbed with real-time image formation}, booktitle = {Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 1996. IGARSS '96. 'Remote Sensing for a Sustainable Future.', International}, year = {1996}, volume = {3}, pages = {1881--1885vol.3}, month = {27-31 May}, owner = {ofrey} } -
Zhu Zhaoda,
Qiu Xiaohui,
and She Zhishun.
Modified Doppler centroid tracking method for phase compensation in ISAR.
In Radar, 1996. Proceedings., CIE International Conference of,
pages 751--754,
8-10 Oct. 1996.
Keywords: ISAR.@INPROCEEDINGS{Zhaoda1996, author = {Zhu Zhaoda and Qiu Xiaohui and She Zhishun}, title = {Modified Doppler centroid tracking method for phase compensation in ISAR}, booktitle = {Radar, 1996. Proceedings., CIE International Conference of}, year = {1996}, pages = {751--754}, month = {8-10 Oct.}, doi = {10.1109/ICR.1996.574604}, keywords = {ISAR}, owner = {ofrey} } -
Zhaoda Zhu,
Xiaohui Qiu,
and Zhishun She.
ISAR motion compensation using modified Doppler centroid tracking method.
In Aerospace and Electronics Conference, 1996. NAECON 1996., Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 National,
volume 1,
pages 359--363vol.1,
20-23 May 1996.
Keywords: ISAR.@INPROCEEDINGS{Zhu1996, author = {Zhaoda Zhu and Xiaohui Qiu and Zhishun She}, title = {ISAR motion compensation using modified Doppler centroid tracking method}, booktitle = {Aerospace and Electronics Conference, 1996. NAECON 1996., Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 National}, year = {1996}, volume = {1}, pages = {359--363vol.1}, month = {20-23 May}, doi = {10.1109/NAECON.1996.517674}, keywords = {ISAR}, owner = {ofrey} }
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This collection of SAR literature is far from being complete.
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Last modified: Wed Sep 8 19:32:46 2010
Author: Othmar Frey , Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL), University of Zurich, Switzerland .
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