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BACK TO INDEX Publications of year 1993 Books and proceedings
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| Abstract: | This book gives an overview of the principles of SAR processing, geometric effects of SAR and parametric geocoding of SAR, both ellipsoid and terrain corrected. The new geocoded data sets and the systems and ancillary information to generate these data are described in detail. Basic applications and analysis procedures with the data are described in order to help to understand the content of the geocoded SAR images. Several authors from the German Processing and Archiving Facility (D-PAF) of DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen and other research groups, who actively contributed to algorithms and system aspects of SAR geocoding, contributed chapters of this reference book. An overview of current on-going activities in Europe in this domain concludes the chapters. This volume is intended to introduce new SAR data users as well as those starting with SAR data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the principles of SAR data geocoding and to give experts a detailed overview of used references and algorithms. |
@BOOK{schreier93:SARgeocoding,
title = {{SAR Geocoding: Data and Systems}},
publisher = {Wichmann},
year = {1993},
editor = {Gunter Schreier},
abstract = {This book gives an overview of the principles of SAR processing, geometric effects of SAR and parametric geocoding of SAR, both ellipsoid and terrain corrected. The new geocoded data sets and the systems and ancillary information to generate these data are described in detail. Basic applications and analysis procedures with the data are described in order to help to understand the content of the geocoded SAR images. Several authors from the German Processing and Archiving Facility (D-PAF) of DLR in Oberpfaffenhofen and other research groups, who actively contributed to algorithms and system aspects of SAR geocoding, contributed chapters of this reference book. An overview of current on-going activities in Europe in this domain concludes the chapters. This volume is intended to introduce new SAR data users as well as those starting with SAR data and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the principles of SAR data geocoding and to give experts a detailed overview of used references and algorithms.},
comment = {Appendix 3.9.1 about Method of Stationary Phase, p. 96},
keywords = {SAR Processing, SAR Geocoding, Geocoding, Doppler Centroid Estimation}
}
Articles in journal or book chapters
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Charles V. Jakowatz and Daniel E. Wahl.
Eigenvector method for maximum-likelihood estimation of phase errors in synthetic-aperture-radar imagery.
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A,
10(12):2539--2546,
1993.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Autofocus, Motion Compensation, MoComp, Residual Motion Errors, Airborne SAR, Phase Gradient Autofocus, PGA, Eigenvector Method, Maximum Likelihood Estimation.@ARTICLE{JakowatzJrWahl1993:Autofocus, author = {Charles V. Jakowatz, Jr. and Daniel E. Wahl}, title = {Eigenvector method for maximum-likelihood estimation of phase errors in synthetic-aperture-radar imagery}, journal = {J. Opt. Soc. Am. A}, year = {1993}, volume = {10}, pages = {2539--2546}, number = {12}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Autofocus, Motion Compensation, MoComp, Residual Motion Errors, Airborne SAR, Phase Gradient Autofocus, PGA, Eigenvector Method, Maximum Likelihood Estimation}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/JakowatzJrWahl1993.pdf}, publisher = {OSA}, url = {http://www.opticsinfobase.org/DirectPDFAccess/6D44B5BB-BDB9-137E-C75A13B9AF01574B_59130.pdf} } -
M. D. Macleod.
Fast Interpolation by FFT with Greatly Increased Accuracy.
Electronics Letters,
29(13):1200-1201,
June 1993.
Keywords: Interpolation, Interpolation by FFT, Fast Fourier Transforms, FFT, Nyquist limit, RMS error, Sampling Rate Conversion, Upsampling, Error Analysis, Block Edges.Abstract: When the FFT (or DCT or DST) is used for fast interpolation, errors arise due to the assumed periodicity in the data, and the resulting implied discontinuities of the function and its derivatives at the block edges. By adding simple functions before interpolation and subtracting them again afterwards, these interpolation errors can be removed. @ARTICLE{macleod93:Interpolation, author = {M. D. Macleod}, title = {{Fast Interpolation by FFT with Greatly Increased Accuracy}}, journal = {Electronics Letters}, year = {1993}, volume = {29}, pages = {1200-1201}, number = {13}, month = June, abstract = {When the FFT (or DCT or DST) is used for fast interpolation, errors arise due to the assumed periodicity in the data, and the resulting implied discontinuities of the function and its derivatives at the block edges. By adding simple functions before interpolation and subtracting them again afterwards, these interpolation errors can be removed.}, keywords = {Interpolation, Interpolation by FFT, Fast Fourier Transforms, FFT, Nyquist limit, RMS error, Sampling Rate Conversion, Upsampling, Error Analysis, Block Edges}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/macleod93.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/2220/5737/00219267.pdf} } -
S.N. Madsen,
H.A. Zebker,
and J. Martin.
Topographic mapping using radar interferometry: processing techniques.
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,
31(1):246-256,
January 1993.
Keywords: SAR Processing, InSAR, Interferometry, Interferometric SAR, Airborne SAR, cartography, geophysical techniques, remote sensing by radar, topography (Earth), NASA, JPL, TOPSAR, SAR, height maps, land surface, mapping, measurement, motion compensation, phase ambiguity, processing algorithm, radar interferometry, technique, terrain, three-dimensional target location algorithm, topographic radar mapper, topography.Abstract: A new processing algorithm for the NASA JPL TOPSAR topographic radar mapper is described. It incorporates extensive motion compensation features as well as accurate three-dimensional target location algorithm. The processor applies an algorithm to resolving the absolute phase ambiguity. This allows rectified height maps to be generated without any use of ground reference points. The processor was tested using data acquired with extreme aircraft motion so that performance could be evaluated under adverse conditions. The topographic maps generated by the radar were compared to digital elevation models (DEMs) derived using conventional optical stereo techniques. In one region, the RMS elevation deviations measured were less than the specified DEM accuracy, and, in the region covered by the more accurate DEM, errors varied from 2.2 m RMS in relatively flat terrain up to 5.0 m in mountainous area. The RMS difference between radar and DEM elevation over the 6.5-km by 22-km area covered by the more accurate DEM was 3.6 m @ARTICLE{madsenZebkerMartin1993:InSAR, author = {Madsen, S.N. and Zebker, H.A. and Martin, J.}, title = {Topographic mapping using radar interferometry: processing techniques}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing}, year = {1993}, volume = {31}, pages = {246-256}, number = {1}, month = {Jan}, abstract = {A new processing algorithm for the NASA JPL TOPSAR topographic radar mapper is described. It incorporates extensive motion compensation features as well as accurate three-dimensional target location algorithm. The processor applies an algorithm to resolving the absolute phase ambiguity. This allows rectified height maps to be generated without any use of ground reference points. The processor was tested using data acquired with extreme aircraft motion so that performance could be evaluated under adverse conditions. The topographic maps generated by the radar were compared to digital elevation models (DEMs) derived using conventional optical stereo techniques. In one region, the RMS elevation deviations measured were less than the specified DEM accuracy, and, in the region covered by the more accurate DEM, errors varied from 2.2 m RMS in relatively flat terrain up to 5.0 m in mountainous area. The RMS difference between radar and DEM elevation over the 6.5-km by 22-km area covered by the more accurate DEM was 3.6 m }, doi = {10.1109/36.210464}, issn = {0196-2892}, keywords = {SAR Processing, InSAR, Interferometry, Interferometric SAR, Airborne SAR, cartography, geophysical techniques, remote sensing by radar, topography (Earth), NASA, JPL, TOPSAR, SAR, height maps, land surface, mapping, measurement, motion compensation, phase ambiguity, processing algorithm, radar interferometry, technique, terrain, three-dimensional target location algorithm, topographic radar mapper, topography}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/madsenZebkerMartin1993.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=210464&isnumber=5461} } -
Andrew S. Milman.
SAR Imaging by Omega-K Migration.
International Journal of Remote Sensing,
14(10):1965-1979,
1993.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Wavenumber Domain Algorithm, omega-k, Range Migration Algorithm, Stolt Mapping, Stationary Phase Method.Abstract: A new method of processing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data was originally developed by a group of geophysicists, who use seismic migration to generate seismic images of the Earth. Called here omega-k migration, it has several advantages over more traditional methods of forming SAR images; they all arise because this method provides a mathematically exact solution to the imaging problem, in that the emitted waves are not being treated as plane waves. This paper discusses how migration processing can be applied to chirped radars; how it applies to spotlight data; and how to correct for non-uniform motions of the SAR platform. @ARTICLE{milman93:omegak, author = {Andrew S. Milman}, title = {{SAR Imaging by Omega-K Migration}}, journal = {International Journal of Remote Sensing}, year = {1993}, volume = {14}, pages = {1965-1979}, number = {10}, abstract = {A new method of processing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data was originally developed by a group of geophysicists, who use seismic migration to generate seismic images of the Earth. Called here omega-k migration, it has several advantages over more traditional methods of forming SAR images; they all arise because this method provides a mathematically exact solution to the imaging problem, in that the emitted waves are not being treated as plane waves. This paper discusses how migration processing can be applied to chirped radars; how it applies to spotlight data; and how to correct for non-uniform motions of the SAR platform.}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Wavenumber Domain Algorithm, omega-k, Range Migration Algorithm, Stolt Mapping, Stationary Phase Method}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/milman93.pdf} } -
Harish Subbaram and Ken Abend.
Interference suppression via orthogonal projections: a performance analysis.
Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on,
41(9):1187--1194,
1993.
Keywords: SAR Processsing, RFI Suppression, orthogonal projections, subspace separation, principle component analysis, antenna phased arrays, antenna radiation patterns, array signal processing, interference suppression, jamming, adaptive jammer suppression, additive noise, average residual interference, computer simulations, interference suppression, jammer plus noise power, jammer snapshots, mainbeam, performance analysis, performance parameters, performance predictions, phased array antennas, sample matrix inversion algorithm, sidelobe levels, vector spaces, weight vector.Abstract: Several recent studies indicate the promise of subspace separation principles when applied to adaptive jammer suppression in phased arrayantennas. This paper theoretically analyzes the performance of a subspace separation technique based on orthogonal projections (OP) foradaptively suppressing interference in phased arrays; the theoretical performance predictions are validated using computer simulations. Thisanalysis holds for the case when it is possible to differentiate between the vector spaces spanned by jammers and additive noise. The performance parameters used are (a) the average residual interference (jammer plusnoise) power at the output of the adapted array as a function of the number of jammer snapshots used for calculating the weight vector, and (b) the similarity of the adapted array pattern to the design pattern away from the jammer locations. The performance of the OP-based subspace separation technique is compared with the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm. It is shown that the weight vector calculated using OP converges more quickly to the optimal solution (infinite number of interference snapshots) than the SMI weight vector. Further, in contrast to the SMI adapted pattern, which exhibits large sidelobe levels away from the jammer locations, the OP adapted pattern closely follows the design pattern both in the main beam and in the sidelobe region away from the jammer locations. @ARTICLE{subbaramAbend93:RFI, author = {Subbaram, Harish and Abend, Ken}, title = {Interference suppression via orthogonal projections: a performance analysis}, journal = {Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on}, year = {1993}, volume = {41}, pages = {1187--1194}, number = {9}, abstract = {Several recent studies indicate the promise of subspace separation principles when applied to adaptive jammer suppression in phased arrayantennas. This paper theoretically analyzes the performance of a subspace separation technique based on orthogonal projections (OP) foradaptively suppressing interference in phased arrays; the theoretical performance predictions are validated using computer simulations. Thisanalysis holds for the case when it is possible to differentiate between the vector spaces spanned by jammers and additive noise. The performance parameters used are (a) the average residual interference (jammer plusnoise) power at the output of the adapted array as a function of the number of jammer snapshots used for calculating the weight vector, and (b) the similarity of the adapted array pattern to the design pattern away from the jammer locations. The performance of the OP-based subspace separation technique is compared with the sample matrix inversion (SMI) algorithm. It is shown that the weight vector calculated using OP converges more quickly to the optimal solution (infinite number of interference snapshots) than the SMI weight vector. Further, in contrast to the SMI adapted pattern, which exhibits large sidelobe levels away from the jammer locations, the OP adapted pattern closely follows the design pattern both in the main beam and in the sidelobe region away from the jammer locations.}, keywords = {SAR Processsing, RFI Suppression, orthogonal projections, subspace separation, principle component analysis, antenna phased arrays, antenna radiation patterns, array signal processing, interference suppression, jamming, adaptive jammer suppression, additive noise, average residual interference, computer simulations, interference suppression, jammer plus noise power, jammer snapshots, mainbeam, performance analysis, performance parameters, performance predictions, phased array antennas, sample matrix inversion algorithm, sidelobe levels, vector spaces, weight vector}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/subbaramAbend93.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel4/8/6341/00247744.pdf} }
Conference articles
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Pierre Duhamel,
Mohsen Montazeri,
and Katia Hilal.
Classical adaptive algorithms (LMS, RLS, CMA, decision directed)seen as recursive structures.
In Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on,
volume 3,
pages 496--499,
1993.
Keywords: RFI Suppression, adaptive filters, computational complexity, correlation theory, least squares approximations, recursive functions, FIR algorithm, adaptive algorithms, block algorithms, constant modulus algorithm, correlation coefficients, decision-directed algorithm, equilibrium states, finite impulse response, least mean square, LMS, recursive least squares, RLS, recursive structures.Abstract: Any finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive algorithm has aninherent recursive structure, since the error at time n is fedback into the algorithm to provide the next tap vector. The authors explicitly provide this recursive structure and show that a least meansquare (LMS) adaptive algorithm can be expressed in terms of a recursivefilter, the coefficients of this recurrence being the correlation coefficients of the input signal. Corresponding structures are proposed for the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, the constant modulus algorithm (CMA), and the decision-directed (DD) algorithm. These schemes provide block algorithms that are equivalent to the corresponding sample-by-sample algorithm, while requiring fewer computations. The corresponding structures are easily used for studying equilibrium states of the adaptive algorithms. @INPROCEEDINGS{duhamelMontazeriHilal93:LMS, author = {Duhamel, Pierre and Montazeri, Mohsen and Hilal, Katia}, title = {Classical adaptive algorithms (LMS, RLS, CMA, decision directed)seen as recursive structures}, booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {1993}, volume = {3}, pages = {496--499}, abstract = {Any finite impulse response (FIR) adaptive algorithm has aninherent recursive structure, since the error at time n is fedback into the algorithm to provide the next tap vector. The authors explicitly provide this recursive structure and show that a least meansquare (LMS) adaptive algorithm can be expressed in terms of a recursivefilter, the coefficients of this recurrence being the correlation coefficients of the input signal. Corresponding structures are proposed for the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm, the constant modulus algorithm (CMA), and the decision-directed (DD) algorithm. These schemes provide block algorithms that are equivalent to the corresponding sample-by-sample algorithm, while requiring fewer computations. The corresponding structures are easily used for studying equilibrium states of the adaptive algorithms.}, keywords = {RFI Suppression, adaptive filters, computational complexity, correlation theory, least squares approximations, recursive functions, FIR algorithm, adaptive algorithms, block algorithms, constant modulus algorithm, correlation coefficients, decision-directed algorithm, equilibrium states, finite impulse response, least mean square, LMS, recursive least squares, RLS, recursive structures}, owner = {ofrey}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/duhamelMontazeriHilal93.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/1051/7686/00319543.pdf} } -
A. Martinez and Jean L. Marchand.
Implementation and Quality Analysis of a CSA SAR Processor.
In IGARSS '93, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium,
volume 3,
pages 1179-1181,
August 1993.
Keywords: SAR Processing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, Quality Assessment, Quality Measures, ISLR, PSLR.Abstract: Recently, a new SAR processing algorithm has been proposed. The basis of the method is to equalize the range migration trajectories of the whole image with respect to a reference range. During azimuth compression, the range migration at the reference range can be exactly corrected, and its effect is extended to all ranges. In order to assess the quality of the resulting image, a number of quality criteria are evaluated. They include classical measurements, such as spatial resolution, ISLR and PSLR, as well as refined ones for better analysis of the pulse shape. The stability and variation of the quality criteria when changing several key input parameters (Doppler centroid, FM rate acid reference range) are also studied. The tests have been performed using real ERS-1 raw data. The selected scene is the Flevoland site where three transponders and several corners reflectors are deployed, thus allowing precise quality analysis to be performed. @INPROCEEDINGS{MartMarch93:Quali, author = {A. Martinez and Jean L. Marchand}, title = {{Implementation and Quality Analysis of a CSA SAR Processor}}, booktitle = {IGARSS '93, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium}, year = {1993}, volume = {3}, pages = {1179-1181}, month = Aug, abstract = {Recently, a new SAR processing algorithm has been proposed. The basis of the method is to equalize the range migration trajectories of the whole image with respect to a reference range. During azimuth compression, the range migration at the reference range can be exactly corrected, and its effect is extended to all ranges. In order to assess the quality of the resulting image, a number of quality criteria are evaluated. They include classical measurements, such as spatial resolution, ISLR and PSLR, as well as refined ones for better analysis of the pulse shape. The stability and variation of the quality criteria when changing several key input parameters (Doppler centroid, FM rate acid reference range) are also studied. The tests have been performed using real ERS-1 raw data. The selected scene is the Flevoland site where three transponders and several corners reflectors are deployed, thus allowing precise quality analysis to be performed.}, keywords = {SAR Processing, Chirp Scaling Algorithm, Quality Assessment, Quality Measures, ISLR, PSLR}, pdf = {http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~ofrey/protected/PAPERS/MartMarch93.pdf}, url = {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/1064/7705/00322126.pdf} } -
B.L. Robertson and David C. Munson, Jr..
Motion errors in ISAR imaging of approaching targets.
In Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on,
volume 5,
pages 449--452vol.5,
27-30 April 1993.
Keywords: ISAR.@INPROCEEDINGS{Robertson1993, author = {Robertson, B.L. and {Munson, Jr.}, David C.}, title = {Motion errors in ISAR imaging of approaching targets}, booktitle = {Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on}, year = {1993}, volume = {5}, pages = {449--452vol.5}, month = {27-30 April}, doi = {10.1109/ICASSP.1993.319844}, keywords = {ISAR}, owner = {ofrey} }
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This collection of SAR literature is far from being complete.
It is rather a collection of papers which I store in my literature data base. Hence, the list of publications under PUBLICATIONS OF AUTHOR'S NAME
should NOT be mistaken for a complete bibliography of that author.
Last modified: Wed Sep 8 19:32:46 2010
Author: Othmar Frey , Remote Sensing Laboratories (RSL), University of Zurich, Switzerland .
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